Derivatives and methods of treating hepatitis B infections

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are compounds useful for the treatment of HBV infection in a subject in need thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of inhibiting, suppressing, or preventing HBV infection in the subject.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/347,468, filed Nov. 9, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/984,325, filed Dec. 30, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No.9,518,057, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/097,835, filed Dec. 30, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No.62/163,150, filed May 18, 2015. The contents of these applications areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global healthproblem, affecting over 5% of the world population (over 350 millionpeople worldwide and 1.25 million individuals in the U.S.).

Despite the availability of a prophylactic HBV vaccine, the burden ofchronic HBV infection continues to be a significant unmet worldwidemedical problem, due to suboptimal treatment options and sustained ratesof new infections in most parts of the developing world. Currenttreatments do not provide a cure and are limited to only two classes ofagents (interferon alpha and nucleoside analogues/inhibitors of theviral polymerase); drug resistance, low efficacy, and tolerabilityissues limit their impact. The low cure rates of HBV are attributed atleast in part to the fact that complete suppression of virus productionis difficult to achieve with a single antiviral agent. However,persistent suppression of HBV DNA slows liver disease progression andhelps to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapy goals forHBV-infected patients are directed to reducing serum HBV DNA to low orundetectable levels, and to ultimately reducing or preventing thedevelopment of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

There is a need in the art for therapeutic agents that can increase thesuppression of virus production and that can treat, ameliorate and/orprevent HBV infection. Administration of such therapeutic agents to anHBV infected patient, either as monotherapy or in combination with otherHBV treatments or ancillary treatments, will lead to significantlyreduced virus burden, improved prognosis, diminished progression of thedisease and enhanced seroconversion rates.

SUMMARY

Provided herein are compounds useful for the treatment of HBV infectionin a subject in need thereof, having the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In an embodiment, the compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, the compound of Formula I is a compound ofFormula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, the compound of Formula I is a compound ofFormula IV:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositionscomprising a compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In one aspect, provided herein is a method of treating an HBV infectionin an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to theindividual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of FormulaI, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of eradicating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofFormula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of reducing the viralload associated with an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof,comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of reducing reoccurrenceof an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of inhibiting or reducingthe formation or presence of HBV DNA-containing particles or HBVRNA-containing particles in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of reducing an adversephysiological impact of an HBV infection in an individual in needthereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of inducing remission ofhepatic injury from an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof,comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of reducing thephysiological impact of long-term antiviral therapy for HBV infection inan individual in need thereof, comprising administering to theindividual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of FormulaI, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of prophylacticallytreating an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein theindividual is afflicted with a latent HBV infection, comprisingadministering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.

In an embodiment, the methods provided herein can further compriseadministering to the individual at least one additional therapeuticagent selected from the group consisting of an HBV polymerase inhibitor,immunomodulatory agents, pegylated interferon, viral entry inhibitor,viral maturation inhibitor, literature-described capsid assemblymodulator, reverse transcriptase inhibitor, a cyclophilin/TNF inhibitor,a TLR-agonist, an HBV vaccine, agents of distinct or unknown mechanism,and a combination thereof. In a further embodiment, the methods providedherein allow for administering of the at least one additionaltherapeutic agent at a lower dose or frequency as compared to theadministering of the at least one additional therapeutic agent alonethat is required to achieve similar results in prophylactically treatingan HBV infection in an individual in need thereof.

In another embodiment, the methods provided herein reduce the viral loadin the individual to a greater extent or at a faster rate compared tothe administering of a compound selected from the group consisting of anHBV polymerase inhibitor, interferon, viral entry inhibitor, viralmaturation inhibitor, distinct capsid assembly modulator, antiviralcompounds of distinct or unknown mechanism, and any combination thereof.

In another embodiment, the methods provided herein cause a lowerincidence of viral mutation and/or viral resistance than theadministering of a compound selected from the group consisting of an HBVpolymerase inhibitor, interferon, viral entry inhibitor, viralmaturation inhibitor, distinct capsid assembly modulator, antiviralcompounds of distinct or unknown mechanism, and combination thereof.

In another embodiment, the methods provided herein further compriseadministering to the individual at least one HBV vaccine, a nucleosideHBV inhibitor, an interferon or any combination thereof.

In an aspect, provided herein is a method of treating an HBV infectionin an individual in need thereof, comprising reducing the HBV viral loadby administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount ofa compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with a reversetranscriptase inhibitor; and further administering to the individual atherapeutically effective amount of HBV vaccine.

In an embodiment, the methods provided herein further comprisemonitoring the HBV viral load of the subject, wherein the method iscarried out for a period of time such that the HBV virus isundetectable.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided herein are compounds, e.g., the compounds of Formulas I, II,III, or IV, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that areuseful in the treatment and prevention of HBV infection in subject. In anon-limiting aspect, these compounds may modulate or disrupt HBVassembly and other HBV core protein functions necessary for HBVreplication or the generation of infectious particles, may inhibit theproduction of infectious virus particles or infection or may interactwith HBV capsid to afford defective viral particles with greatly reducedinfectivity or replication capacity. In other words, the compoundsprovided herein may act as capsid assembly modulators. The compoundsprovided herein have potent antiviral activity, exhibit favorablemetabolic properties, tissue distribution, safety and pharmaceuticalprofiles, and are suitable for use in humans.

The HBV capsid protein plays essential functions during the viral lifecycle. HBV capsid/core proteins form metastable viral particles orprotein shells that protect the viral genome during intercellularpassage, and also play a central role in viral replication processes,including genome encapsidation, genome replication, and virionmorphogenesis and egress. Capsid structures also respond toenvironmental cues to allow un-coating after viral entry. Consistently,the appropriate timing of capsid assembly and dis-assembly, theappropriate capsid stability and the function of core protein have beenfound to be critical for viral infectivity.

The crucial function of HBV capsid proteins imposes stringentevolutionary constraints on the viral capsid protein sequence, leadingto the observed low sequence variability and high conservation.Consistently, mutations in HBV capsid that disrupt its assembly arelethal, and mutations that perturb capsid stability severely attenuateviral replication. The high functional constraints on themulti-functional HBV core/capsid protein is consistent with a highsequence conservation, as many mutations are deleterious to function.Indeed, the core/capsid protein sequences are >90% identical across HBVgenotypes and show only a small number of polymorphic residues.Resistance selection to HBV core/capsid protein binding compounds maytherefore be difficult to select without large impacts on virusreplication fitness.

Reports describing compounds that bind viral capsids and inhibitreplication of HIV, rhinovirus and HBV provide strong pharmacologicalproof of concept for viral capsid proteins as antiviral drug targets.

In one aspect, the compounds provided herein are useful in HBV treatmentby disrupting, accelerating, reducing, delaying and/or inhibiting normalviral capsid assembly and/or disassembly of immature or matureparticles, thereby inducing aberrant capsid morphology and leading toantiviral effects such as disruption of virion assembly and/ordisassembly, virion maturation, virus egress and/or infection of targetcells. In one embodiment, a disruptor of capsid assembly interacts withmature or immature viral capsid to perturb the stability of the capsid,thus affecting assembly and/or disassembly. In another embodiment, adisruptor of capsid assembly perturbs protein folding and/or saltbridges required for stability, function and/or normal morphology of theviral capsid, thereby disrupting and/or accelerating capsid assemblyand/or disassembly. In yet another embodiment, the compounds of theinvention bind capsid and alter metabolism of cellular polyproteins andprecursors, leading to abnormal accumulation of protein monomers and/oroligomers and/or abnormal particles, which causes cellular toxicity anddeath of infected cells. In another embodiment, the compounds providedherein cause failure of the formation of capsids of optimal stability,affecting efficient uncoating and/or disassembly of viruses (e.g.,during infectivity).

In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein disrupt and/oraccelerate capsid assembly and/or disassembly when the capsid protein isimmature. In another embodiment, the compounds provided herein disruptand/or accelerate capsid assembly and/or disassembly when the capsidprotein is mature. In yet another embodiment, the compounds providedherein disrupt and/or accelerate capsid assembly and/or disassemblyduring viral infectivity.

In yet another embodiment, the disruption and/or acceleration of capsidassembly and/or disassembly attenuates HBV viral infectivity and/orreduces viral load. In yet another embodiment, disruption, acceleration,inhibition, delay and/or reduction of capsid assembly and/or disassemblyeradicates the virus from the host organism. In yet another embodiment,eradication of the HBV from a host advantageously obviates the need forchronic long-term therapy and/or reduces the duration of long-termtherapy.

In one embodiment, the compounds described herein are suitable formonotherapy and are effective against natural or native HBV strains andagainst HBV strains resistant to currently known drugs. In anotherembodiment, the compounds described herein are suitable for use incombination therapy.

In another embodiment, the compounds provided herein can be used inmethods of modulating (e.g., inhibiting or disrupting) the activity,stability, function, and viral replication properties of HBV cccDNA. Inyet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention can be used inmethods of diminishing or preventing the formation of HBV cccDNA.

In another embodiment, the compounds provided herein can be used inmethods of modulating (e.g., inhibiting or disrupting) the activity ofHBV cccDNA. In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the inventioncan be used in methods of diminishing the formation of HBV cccDNA.

In another embodiment, the compounds provided herein can be used inmethods of modulating, inhibiting, or disrupting the generation orrelease of HBV RNA particles from within the infected cell. In a furtherembodiment, the total burden (or concentration) of HBV RNA particles ismodulated. In a preferred embodiment, the total burden of HBV RNA isdiminished.

Definitions

Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe thisinvention. These definitions apply to the terms as they are usedthroughout this specification and claims, unless otherwise limited inspecific instances, either individually or as part of a larger group.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereingenerally have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ofordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Generally,the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures in cellculture, molecular genetics, organic chemistry, and peptide chemistryare those well-known and commonly employed in the art.

As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” refer to one or to more thanone (i.e. to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. Byway of example, “an element” means one element or more than one element.Furthermore, use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as“include”, “includes,” and “included,” is not limiting.

As used herein, the term “about” will be understood by persons ofordinary skill in the art and will vary to some extent on the context inwhich it is used. As used herein when referring to a measurable valuesuch as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, the term “about”is meant to encompass variations of ±20% or ±10%, including ±5%, ±1%,and ±0.1% from the specified value, as such variations are appropriateto perform the disclosed methods.

As used herein, the term “capsid assembly modulator” refers to acompound that disrupts or accelerates or inhibits or hinders or delaysor reduces or modifies normal capsid assembly (e.g., during maturation)or normal capsid disassembly (e.g., during infectivity) or perturbscapsid stability, thereby inducing aberrant capsid morphology andfunction. In one embodiment, a capsid assembly modulator acceleratescapsid assembly or disassembly, thereby inducing aberrant capsidmorphology. In another embodiment, a capsid assembly modulator interacts(e.g. binds at an active site, binds at an allosteric site, modifiesand/or hinders folding and the like) with the major capsid assemblyprotein (CA), thereby disrupting capsid assembly or disassembly. In yetanother embodiment, a capsid assembly modulator causes a perturbation instructure or function of CA (e.g., ability of CA to assemble,disassemble, bind to a substrate, fold into a suitable conformation, orthe like), which attenuates viral infectivity and/or is lethal to thevirus.

As used herein, the term “treatment” or “treating,” is defined as theapplication or administration of a therapeutic agent, i.e., a compoundof the invention (alone or in combination with another pharmaceuticalagent), to a patient, or application or administration of a therapeuticagent to an isolated tissue or cell line from a patient (e.g., fordiagnosis or ex vivo applications), who has an HBV infection, a symptomof HBV infection or the potential to develop an HBV infection, with thepurpose to cure, heal, alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate,improve or affect the HBV infection, the symptoms of HBV infection orthe potential to develop an HBV infection. Such treatments may bespecifically tailored or modified, based on knowledge obtained from thefield of pharmacogenomics.

As used herein, the term “prevent” or “prevention” means no disorder ordisease development if none had occurred, or no further disorder ordisease development if there had already been development of thedisorder or disease. Also considered is the ability of one to preventsome or all of the symptoms associated with the disorder or disease.

As used herein, the term “patient,” “individual” or “subject” refers toa human or a non-human mammal. Non-human mammals include, for example,livestock and pets, such as ovine, bovine, porcine, canine, feline andmurine mammals. Preferably, the patient, subject or individual is human.

As used herein, the terms “effective amount,” “pharmaceuticallyeffective amount” and “therapeutically effective amount” refer to anontoxic but sufficient amount of an agent to provide the desiredbiological result. That result may be reduction and/or alleviation ofthe signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desiredalteration of a biological system. An appropriate therapeutic amount inany individual case may be determined by one of ordinary skill in theart using routine experimentation.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to amaterial, such as a carrier or diluent, which does not abrogate thebiological activity or properties of the compound, and is relativelynon-toxic, i.e., the material may be administered to an individualwithout causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in adeleterious manner with any of the components of the composition inwhich it is contained.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers toderivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound ismodified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are notlimited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such asamines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylicacids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of thepresent invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parentcompound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can besynthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidicmoiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can beprepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds witha stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or inan organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueousmedia like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrileare preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa.,1985, p. 1418 and Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2 (1977), eachof which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

As used herein, the term “composition” or “pharmaceutical composition”refers to a mixture of at least one compound useful within the inventionwith a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceuticalcomposition facilitates administration of the compound to a patient orsubject. Multiple techniques of administering a compound exist in theart including, but not limited to, intravenous, oral, aerosol,parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary and topical administration.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means apharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or carrier, such as aliquid or solid filler, stabilizer, dispersing agent, suspending agent,diluent, excipient, thickening agent, solvent or encapsulating material,involved in carrying or transporting a compound useful within theinvention within or to the patient such that it may perform its intendedfunction. Typically, such constructs are carried or transported from oneorgan, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body.Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible withthe other ingredients of the formulation, including the compound usefulwithin the invention, and not injurious to the patient. Some examples ofmaterials that may serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriersinclude: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such ascorn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such assodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate;powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoabutter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil,safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols,such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitoland polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate;agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminumhydroxide; surface active agents; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water;isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffersolutions; and other non-toxic compatible substances employed inpharmaceutical formulations.

As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” also includes anyand all coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, and absorptiondelaying agents, and the like that are compatible with the activity ofthe compound useful within the invention, and are physiologicallyacceptable to the patient. Supplementary active compounds may also beincorporated into the compositions. The “pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier” may further include a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of thecompound useful within the invention. Other additional ingredients thatmay be included in the pharmaceutical compositions used in the practiceof the invention are known in the art and described, for example inRemington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Genaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co.,1985, Easton, Pa.), which is incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, the term “alkyl,” by itself or as part of anothersubstituent means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chainhydrocarbon having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e.,C₁-C₆-alkyl means one to six carbon atoms) and includes straight,branched chain. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, and hexyl. Otherexamples of C₁-C₆-alkyl include ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl,n-pentyl, and n-hexyl.

As used herein, the term “alkenyl,” denotes a monovalent group derivedfrom a hydrocarbon moiety containing at least two carbon atoms and atleast one carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond may or may not bethe point of attachment to another group. Alkenyl groups (e.g.,C₂-C₈-alkenyl) include, but are not limited to, for example, ethenyl,propenyl, prop-1-en-2-yl, butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, heptenyl,octenyl and the like.

As used herein, the term “halo” or “halogen” alone or as part of anothersubstituent means, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine,bromine, or iodine atom, preferably, fluorine, chlorine, or bromine,more preferably, fluorine or chlorine.

As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to alkl radicals wherein anyone or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo asdefined above. Haloalkyl embraces monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl, andpolyhaloalkyl radicals. The term “haloalkyl” includes, but is notlimited to, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl,dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, and pentafluoroethyl.

As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a mono cyclic orpolycyclic nonaromatic radical, wherein each of the atoms forming thering (i.e., skeletal atoms) is a carbon atom. In one embodiment, thecycloalkyl group is saturated or partially unsaturated. In anotherembodiment, the cycloalkyl group is fused with an aromatic ring.Cycloalkyl groups include groups having 3 to 10 ring atoms(C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl), groups having 3 to 8 ring atoms (C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl),groups having 3 to 7 ring atoms (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl), and groups having 3to 6 ring atoms (C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl). Illustrative examples of cycloalkylgroups include, but are not limited to, the following moieties:

Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.Dicyclic cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to,tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, and tetrahydropentalene. Polycycliccycloalkyls include adamantine and norbornane. The term cycloalkylincludes “unsaturated nonaromatic carbocyclyl” or “nonaromaticunsaturated carbocyclyl” groups, both of which refer to a nonaromaticcarbocycle as defined herein, which contains at least one carbon carbondouble bond or one carbon carbon triple bond.

As used herein, the term “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclyl” refers toa heteroalicyclic group containing one to four ring heteroatoms eachselected from O, S and N. In one embodiment, each heterocyclyl group hasfrom 3 to 10 atoms in its ring system, with the proviso that the ring ofsaid group does not contain two adjacent or S atoms. Heterocyclylsubstituents may be alternatively defined by the number of carbon atoms,e.g., C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl indicates the number of carbon atoms containedin the heterocyclic group without including the number of heteroatoms.For example, a C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl will include an additional one to fourheteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heterocycloalkyl group is fusedwith an aromatic ring. In one embodiment, the nitrogen and sulfurheteroatoms may be optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom may beoptionally quaternized. The heterocyclic system may be attached, unlessotherwise stated, at any heteroatom or carbon atom that affords a stablestructure.

An example of a 3-membered heterocyclyl group includes, and is notlimited to, aziridine. Examples of 4-membered heterocyclyl groupsinclude, and are not limited to, azetidine and a beta lactam. Examplesof 5-membered heterocyclyl groups include, and are not limited to,pyrrolidine, oxazolidine and thiazolidinedione. Examples of 6-memberedheterocycloalkyl groups include, and are not limited to, piperidine,morpholine and piperazine.

Other non-limiting examples of heterocycloalkyl groups are:

Examples of heterocycles include monocyclic groups such as aziridine,oxirane, thiirane, azetidine, oxetane, thietane, pyrrolidine, pyrroline,pyrazolidine, imidazoline, dioxolane, sulfolane, 2,3-dihydrofuran,2,5-dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, thiophane, piperidine,1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,4-dihydropyridine, piperazine, morpholine,thiomorpholine, pyran, 2,3-dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, 1,4-dioxane,1,3-dioxane, homopiperazine, homopiperidine, 1,3-dioxepane,4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepin, and hexamethyleneoxide.

As used herein, the term “aromatic” refers to a carbocycle orheterocycle with one or more polyunsaturated rings and having aromaticcharacter, i.e., having (4n+2) delocalized it (pi) electrons, where n isan integer.

As used herein, the term “aryl,” employed alone or in combination withother terms, means, unless otherwise stated, a carbocyclic aromaticsystem containing one or more rings (typically one, two, or threerings), wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendent manner,such as a biphenyl, or may be fused, such as naphthalene. Examples ofaryl groups include phenyl, anthracyl, and naphthyl. Preferred examplesare phenyl (e.g., C₆-aryl) and biphenyl (e.g., C₁₂-aryl). In someembodiments, aryl groups have from six to sixteen carbon atoms. In someembodiments, aryl groups have from six to twelve carbon atoms (e.g.,C₆-C₁₂-aryl). In some embodiments, aryl groups have six carbon atoms(e.g., C₆-aryl).

As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refers to aheterocycle having aromatic character. Heteroaryl substituents may bedefined by the number of carbon atoms, e.g., C₁-C₉-heteroaryl indicatesthe number of carbon atoms contained in the heteroaryl group withoutincluding the number of heteroatoms. For example, a C₁-C₉-heteroarylwill include an additional one to four heteroatoms. A polycyclicheteroaryl may include one or more rings that are partially saturated.Non-limiting examples of heteroaryls include:

Additional non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl,pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl (including, e.g., 2- and 4-pyrimidinyl),pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl (including, e.g., 2-pyrrolyl),imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl (including, e.g., 3- and5-pyrazolyl), isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl,1,3,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl,1,3,4-thiadiazolyl and 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl.

Non-limiting examples of polycyclic heterocycles and heteroaryls includeindolyl (including, e.g., 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-indolyl), indolinyl,quinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, isoquinolyl (including, e.g., 1- and5-isoquinolyl), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl(including, e.g., 2- and 5-quinoxalinyl), quinazolinyl, phthalazinyl,1,8-naphthyridinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, coumarin, dihydrocoumarin,1,5-naphthyridinyl, benzofuryl (including, e.g., 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and7-benzofuryl), 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, benzothienyl(including, e.g., 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-benzothienyl), benzoxazolyl,benzothiazolyl (including, e.g., 2-benzothiazolyl and 5-benzothiazolyl),purinyl, benzimidazolyl (including, e.g., 2-benzimidazolyl),benzotriazolyl, thioxanthinyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, acridinyl,pyrrolizidinyl, and quinolizidinyl.

As used herein, the term “substituted” means that an atom or group ofatoms has replaced hydrogen as the substituent attached to anothergroup.

Compounds of the Invention

Provided herein are compounds useful for the treatment of HBV infectionin a subject in need thereof, having the structure:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula Ia

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

W¹ and W are each independently selected from N, NR^(a), and CR^(a),wherein one of W¹ and W is NR^(a);

X is N or CR^(b);

Y is selected from a bond, —C(O)—, and —SO₂—;

Z is selected from —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)CR⁵═CR⁵—,—(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—C₃-C₆-cycloalkylene-, and —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—;

R¹ is selected from C₆-C₁₂-aryl, C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OR^(c), C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)OR^(c), C(O)R^(c),C(O)NR^(d)R^(e), NR^(d)C(O)R^(c), —OC(O)R^(c), halo, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl,wherein alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenylare optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R² is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R³ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁴ is selected from C₁-C₆-alkyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH, and C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl;

R⁵ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

alternatively, R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally joined to form a ring;

R⁶ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁷ is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁸ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁹ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(a) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(b) is selected from H and C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R^(c) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH, C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and C₁-C₉-heteroaryl;

R^(d) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(e) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH, C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂-aryl, C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, and —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl;

alternatively, R^(d) and R^(e) are optionally joined to form aheterocyclic ring;

R^(f) is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

W¹ and W are each independently selected from N, NR^(a), and CR^(a),wherein one of W¹ and W is NR^(a);

X is N or CR^(b);

Y is selected from a bond, —C(O)—, and —SO₂—;

Z is selected from —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)CR⁵═CR⁵—,(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—C₃-C₆-cycloalkylene-, and —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—;

R¹ is selected from C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OR^(c),C₁-C₆-alkyl, halo, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl,heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4groups each independently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R² is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R³ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁴ is selected from C₁-C₆-alkyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁵ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

alternatively, R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally joined to form a heterocyclicring;

R⁶ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁷ is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁸ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁹ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(a) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(b) is selected from H and C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R^(c) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH, C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and C₁-C₉-heteroaryl;

R^(f) is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

W¹ and W are each independently selected from N, NR^(a), and CR^(a),wherein one of W¹ and W is NR^(a);

X is N or CR^(b);

Y is selected from a bond, —C(O)—, and —SO₂—;

Z is selected from —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)CR⁵═CR⁵—,(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—C₃-C₆-cycloalkylene-, and —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—;

R¹ is selected from C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenylare optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R² is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R³ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁴ is selected from C₁-C₆-alkyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁵ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

alternatively, R⁴ and R⁵ are optionally joined to form a ring;

R⁶ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁷ is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁸ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁹ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(a) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R^(b) is selected from H and C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R^(f) is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, W¹ is NR^(a) and Wis N or CR^(a). In a further embodiment, W¹ is NH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, W¹ is N or CR^(a)and W is NR^(a).

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, X is N.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, Y is —C(O)— or —SO₂—.

In a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I, Z is—(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O—, or —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I,

m is 0 or 1;

R⁵ is H, —OH, or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁶ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl; and

R⁷ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ isC₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, or C₂-C₈-alkenyl,wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independently selected from—OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ isC₃-C₈-cycloalkyl or C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl andheterocyclyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R¹ isC₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or C₂-C₅-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl andheterocyclyl are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, each R² is independentlyselected from H or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In a further embodiment of the compoundof Formula I, R² is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R³ is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R⁴ is(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl,(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, whereincycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independently selected from—OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f), —OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I, R⁴ is(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, wherein aryl,and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups,each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I,

p is 0 or 1;

R⁸ is H, —OH, or C₁-C₆-alkyl; and

R⁹ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula I, n is 1.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula I,

X is N;

Y is —C(O)—;

Z is NR⁷; and

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₄-alkyl.

In a further embodiment of the compound of Formula I,

X is N;

Y is —C(O)—;

Z is NR⁷;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₄-alkyl; and

n is 1.

Also provided herein is a compound of Formula I, having the structure ofFormula II (also referred to as “a compound of Formula II”):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, Y is —C(O)— or —SO₂—.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, Z is —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—,—(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O— or —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II,

m is 0 or 1;

R⁵ is H, —OH, or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁶ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl; and

R⁷ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl,cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1,2, 3, or 4 groups each independently selected from —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ isC₃-C₈-cycloalkyl or C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl andheterocyclyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ isC₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or C₂-C₅-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl andheterocyclyl are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ is selected from—OH, —Br, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, propyl, propenyl, isopropyl, butyl,t-butyl, butenyl, pentanyl, 2-methylpentan-2-yl, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl,bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, propyl, propenyl,isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, butenyl, pentanyl, and 2-methylpentan-2-ylare optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selectedfrom —OH, and halo, or wherein cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, andbicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groupsindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R¹ is selected frommethyl, ethyl, ethenyl, propyl, propenyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,butenyl, pentanyl, 2-methylpentan-2-yl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl,any of which are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups independentlyselected from —OH and halo.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, each R² is independentlyselected from H or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In a further embodiment of the compoundof Formula II, R² is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II R³ is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R⁴ is(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl,(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, whereincycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups, each independently selected from—OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f), —OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, R⁴ is(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, and whereinaryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II,

Y is —C(O)—;

Z is —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O— or —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—;

R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OH, C₁-C₆-alkyl, halo, andC₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl areoptionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R² and R³ are H;

R⁴ is (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, andwherein aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or4 groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁵ is H, —OH, or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁶ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁷ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁸ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo, andC₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁹ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo, andC₁-C₆-alkyl;

R^(c) is C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R^(f) is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl;

m is 1, or 2;

n is 1; and

p is 0, 1, or 2.

In an embodiment of this embodiment, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl,cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of this embodiment, R⁴ is (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, or(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, and wherein aryl and heteroaryl areoptionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II,

p is 0 or 1;

R⁸ is independently selected from H, —OH, and C₁-C₆-alkyl; and

R⁹ is independently selected from H and C₁-C₆-alkyl.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II, n is 1.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II,

Y is —C(O)—;

Z is NR⁷; and

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₄-alkyl.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula II,

Y is —C(O)—;

Z is NR⁷;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₄-alkyl; and

n is 1.

Also provided herein is a compound of Formula I, having the structure ofFormula III (also referred to as “a compound of Formula III”):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Y is —C(O)— or —SO₂—;

R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OH, C₁-C₆-alkyl, halo, andC₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl areoptionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R² is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R³ is selected from H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁴ is selected from (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl,(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl wherein heteroaryl, aryl,and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH, and C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl.

R⁷ is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁸ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁹ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl; and

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In an embodiment of the Compound of Formula III,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

Y is —C(O)— or —SO₂—;

R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, andC₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl areoptionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R² is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R³ is selected from H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁴ is selected from (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl and(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, wherein heteroaryl and aryl are optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, each independently selected from—OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁷ is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁸ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

R⁹ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl; and

p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, Y is —C(O)—.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OH, C₁-C₆-alkyl, halo, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, whereinalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substitutedwith 1 or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl,cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkylor C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl areoptionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups each independently selectedfrom —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R¹ isC₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or C₂-C₅-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl andheterocyclyl are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R¹ is selectedfrom —OH, —Br, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, propyl, propenyl, isopropyl,butyl, t-butyl, butenyl, pentanyl, 2-methylpentan-2-yl, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl,bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, propyl, propenyl,isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, butenyl, pentanyl, and 2-methylpentan-2-ylare optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selectedfrom —OH, and halo, or wherein cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, andbicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl are optionally substituted with 1 or 2 groupsindependently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R¹ is selectedfrom methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, propyl, propenyl, isopropyl, butyl,t-butyl, butenyl, pentanyl, 2-methylpentan-2-yl, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl,bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, any of which are optionally substituted with 1 or2 groups independently selected from —OH and halo.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, each R² isindependently selected from H or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In a further embodiment ofthe compound of Formula III, R² is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R³ is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R⁷ is H or C₁-C₄-alkyl.In a further embodiment, R⁷ is H or —CH₃. In yet another embodiment, R⁷is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R⁴ is(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₅-heteroaryl or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-aryl, orC₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, wherein heteroaryl, aryl and cycloalkyl are optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, each independently selected from—OH, halo, CN, and C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁸ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁹ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl; and

p is 0 or 1.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R⁴ is(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₅-heteroaryl or (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-aryl, wherein heteroaryland aryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, eachindependently selected from —OH, halo, CN, and C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁸ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

R⁹ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl; and

p is 0 or 1.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R⁴ is C₁-C₅-heteroarylor C₆-aryl, wherein heteroaryl and aryl are optionally substituted with1, 2, or 3 groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, andC₁-C₆-alkyl. In a particular embodiment of the compound of Formula III,R⁴ is

In another particular embodiment of the compound of Formula III, R⁴ is

Also provided herein is a compound of Formula I, having the structure ofFormula IV (also referred to as “a compound of Formula IV”):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein,

Y is —C(O)— or —SO₂—; and

m is 0, 1, or 2.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, Y is —C(O)—.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OH, C₁-C₆-alkyl, halo, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, whereinalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substitutedwith 1 or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl,cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenyl are optionally substituted with 1or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH;

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, each R² is independentlyselected from H or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In a further embodiment of the compoundof Formula IV, R² is H.

In an embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, R³ is H.

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, m is 1, R⁵ is H orC₁-C₆-alkyl, R⁶ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl, and wherein R⁵ and R⁴ areoptionally joined to form a ring. In another embodiment of the compoundof Formula IV, m is 1; R⁵ is C₁-C₆-alkyl; R⁶ is H or C₁-C₆-alkyl; and R⁵and R⁴ are optionally joined to form a ring. For example, in anembodiment,

is

In another embodiment of the compound of Formula IV, R⁴ is C₁-C₆-alkylor (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, or 3, groups, each independently selected from—OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f), —OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.

In further embodiments of the compound of Formula IV, R⁴ is

Certain embodiments of Formulas I-IV, including pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, are shown below in Table 1. All compounds ofFormula I, II, III, and IV as well as pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, and the compounds of Table 1, as well as pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, are considered to be “compounds of theinvention.”

TABLE 1

040

041

042

238

239

324

241

337

338

264

274

275

336

267

388

441

547

548

549

260

455

515

554

546

644

642

696

604

694

508 (E & Z)

509

693

734

827

700

446

660

661

662

663

664

665

666

667

668

669

648

649

650

651

652

653

654

655

656

657

782

783

784

785

786

787

788

789

790

791

792

400

535

742

743

744

704

756

757

758

759

760

761

762

763

764

765

861

927

928

929

930

931

932

933

934

964

965

966

967

968

969

970

971

In yet another embodiment of Formula I provided herein, the compound ofFormula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is selectedfrom compounds shown in Table 2 and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof.

TABLE 2

324

238

239

241

337

338

264

274

275

336

267

388

441

547

548

549

260

455

515

554

546

644

642

696

604

694

508

509

693

734

827

700

446

660

661

662

663

664

665

666

667

668

669

648

649

650

651

652

653

654

655

656

657

782

783

784

785

786

787

788

789

790

791

792

440

535

742

743

744

704

756

757

758

759

760

761

762

763

764

765

861

927

928

929

930

931

932

933

934

964

965

966

967

968

969

970

971

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of the invention may possess one or more stereocenters,and each stereocenter may exist independently in either the R or Sconfiguration. In one embodiment, compounds described herein are presentin optically active or racemic forms. It is to be understood that thecompounds described herein encompass racemic, optically-active,regioisomeric and stereoisomeric forms, or combinations thereof thatpossess the therapeutically useful properties described herein.

Preparation of optically active forms is achieved in any suitablemanner, including by way of non-limiting example, by resolution of theracemic form with recrystallization techniques, synthesis fromoptically-active starting materials, chiral synthesis, orchromatographic separation using a chiral stationary phase. In oneembodiment, a mixture of one or more isomer is utilized as thetherapeutic compound described herein. In another embodiment, compoundsdescribed herein contain one or more chiral centers. These compounds areprepared by any means, including stereoselective synthesis,enantioselective synthesis and/or separation of a mixture of enantiomersand/or diastereomers. Resolution of compounds and isomers thereof isachieved by any means including, by way of non-limiting example,chemical processes, enzymatic processes, fractional crystallization,distillation, and chromatography.

In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may exist astautomers. All tautomers are included within the scope of the compoundspresented herein.

Compounds described herein also include isotopically-labeled compoundswherein one or more atoms is replaced by an atom having the same atomicnumber, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic massor mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes suitablefor inclusion in the compounds described herein include and are notlimited to ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ¹⁸F, ¹²³I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O,¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³²P, and ³⁵S. In one embodiment, isotopically-labeledcompounds are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distributionstudies. In another embodiment, substitution with heavier isotopes suchas deuterium affords greater metabolic stability (for example, increasedin vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements). In yet anotherembodiment, substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C,¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N, is useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET)studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeledcompounds are prepared by any suitable method or by processes using anappropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeledreagent otherwise employed.

In one embodiment, the compounds described herein are labeled by othermeans, including, but not limited to, the use of chromophores orfluorescent moieties, bioluminescent labels, or chemiluminescent labels.

The compounds described herein, and other related compounds havingdifferent substituents are synthesized using techniques and materialsdescribed herein and as described, for example, in Fieser and Fieser'sReagents for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-17 (John Wiley and Sons,1991); Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5 andSupplementals (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989); Organic Reactions,Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991), Larock's Comprehensive OrganicTransformations (VCH Publishers Inc., 1989), March, Advanced OrganicChemistry 4^(th) Ed., (Wiley 1992); Carey and Sundberg, Advanced OrganicChemistry 4th Ed., Vols. A and B (Plenum 2000, 2001), and Green andWuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis 3rd Ed., (Wiley 1999) (allof which are incorporated by reference for such disclosure). Generalmethods for the preparation of compound as described herein are modifiedby the use of appropriate reagents and conditions, for the introductionof the various moieties found in the formula as provided herein.

Compounds described herein are synthesized using any suitable proceduresstarting from compounds that are available from commercial sources, orare prepared using procedures described herein.

In one embodiment, reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl, amino,imino, thio or carboxy groups, are protected in order to avoid theirunwanted participation in reactions. Protecting groups are used to blocksome or all of the reactive moieties and prevent such groups fromparticipating in chemical reactions until the protective group isremoved. In another embodiment, each protective group is removable by adifferent means. Protective groups that are cleaved under totallydisparate reaction conditions fulfill the requirement of differentialremoval.

Methods of the Invention

The invention provides a method of treating an HBV infection in anindividual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The invention also provides a method of eradicating an HBV infection inan individual in need thereof, comprising administering to theindividual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of theinvention.

The invention also provides a method of reducing viral load associatedwith an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of the invention.

The invention further provides a method of reducing reoccurrence of anHBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administeringto the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofthe invention.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of inhibiting and/orreducing the formation or presence of HBV DNA-containing particlesand/or HBV RNA-containing particles in an individual in need thereof,comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of the invention.

The invention also provides a method of reducing an adversephysiological impact of an HBV infection in an individual in needthereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of the invention.

The invention further provides a method of reducing, slowing, orinhibiting an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of the invention.

The invention also provides a method of inducing remission of hepaticinjury from an HBV infection in an individual in need thereof,comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of the invention.

The invention further provides a method of reducing the physiologicalimpact of long-term antiviral therapy for HBV infection in an individualin need thereof, comprising administering to the individual atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The invention further provides a method of prophylactically treating anHBV infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein the individualis afflicted with a latent HBV infection, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of theinvention.

In one embodiment, the methods described herein further compriseadministering at least one additional therapeutic agent selected fromthe group consisting of nucleotide/nucleoside analogs, entry inhibitors,fusion inhibitors, and any combination of these or other antiviralmechanisms. In another embodiment, the compound of the invention and theat least one additional therapeutic agent are co-formulated. In yetanother embodiment, the compound of the invention and the at least oneadditional therapeutic agent are co-administered.

In one embodiment, the individual is refractory to other therapeuticclasses of HBV drugs (e.g, HBV polymerase inhibitors, interferons, viralentry inhibitors, viral maturation inhibitors, literature-describedcapsid assembly modulators, antiviral compounds of distinct or unknownmechanism, and the like, or combinations thereof). In anotherembodiment, the method of the invention reduces viral load in anindividual suffering from an HBV infection to a greater extent or at afaster rate compared to the extent that other therapeutic classes of HBVdrugs reduce viral load in the individual.

In one embodiment, the administering of a compound of the invention, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, allows for administering ofthe at least one additional therapeutic agent at a lower dose orfrequency as compared to the administering of the at least oneadditional therapeutic agent alone that is required to achieve similarresults in prophylactically treating an HBV infection in an individualin need thereof.

In one embodiment, the administering of a compound of the invention, ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, reduces the viral load inthe individual to a greater extent or at a faster rate compared to theadministering of a compound selected from the group consisting of an HBVpolymerase inhibitor, interferon, viral entry inhibitor, viralmaturation inhibitor, distinct capsid assembly modulator, antiviralcompounds of distinct or unknown mechanism, and any combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention reduces viral load in anindividual suffering from an HBV infection, thus allowing lower doses orvarying regimens of combination therapies to be used.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention causes a lower incidenceof viral mutation and/or viral resistance compared to other classes ofHBV drugs, thereby allowing for long term therapy and minimizing theneed for changes in treatment regimens.

In one embodiment, the administering of a compound the invention, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, causes a lower incidence ofviral mutation and/or viral resistance than the administering of acompound selected from the group consisting of an HBV polymeraseinhibitor, interferon, viral entry inhibitor, viral maturationinhibitor, distinct capsid assembly modulator, antiviral compounds ofdistinct or unknown mechanism, and combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention increases theseroconversion rate beyond that of current treatment regimens.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention increases and/ornormalizes and/or restores normal health, elicits full recovery ofnormal health, restores life expectancy, and/or resolves the viralinfection in the individual in need thereof.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention eliminates or decreasesthe number of HBV RNA particles that are released from HBV infectedcells thus enhancing, prolonging, or increasing the therapeutic benefitof the compounds of the invention.

In one embodiment, the method of the invention eradicates HBV from anindividual infected with HBV, thereby obviating the need for long termand/or life-long treatment, or shortening the duration of treatment,and/or allowing for reduction in dosing of other antiviral agents.

In another embodiment, the method of the invention further comprisesmonitoring the HBV viral load of the subject, and wherein the method iscarried out for a period of time such that the HBV virus isundetectable.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treatingan HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofFormula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofFormula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofFormula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Table1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering tothe individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Table2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In an embodiment of any of the methods provided herein, the method canfurther comprise monitoring the HBV viral load of the subject, whereinthe method is carried out for a period of time such that the HBV virusis undetectable.

Combination Therapies

The compounds of the present invention are intended to be useful incombination with one or more additional compounds useful for treatingHBV infection. These additional compounds may comprise compounds of thepresent invention or compounds known to treat, prevent, or reduce thesymptoms or effects of HBV infection. Such compounds include but are notlimited to HBV polymerase inhibitors, interferons, viral entryinhibitors, viral maturation inhibitors, literature-described capsidassembly modulators, reverse transcriptase inhibitor, immunomodulatoryagents, a TLR-agonist, and other agents with distinct or unknownmechanisms that affect the HBV life cycle and/or affect the consequencesof HBV infection.

In non-limiting examples, the compounds of the invention may be used incombination with one or more drugs (or a salt thereof) selected from thegroup consisting of

HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and DNA and RNA polymeraseinhibitors, including but not limited to: lamivudine (3TC, Zeffix,Heptovir, Epivir, and Epivir-HBV), entecavir (Baraclude, Entavir),adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsara, Preveon, bis-POM PMEA), tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate (Viread, TDF or PMPA);

interferons, including but not limited to interferon alpha (IFN-α),interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), and interferon gamma(IFN-γ);

viral entry inhibitors;

viral maturation inhibitors;

literature-described capsid assembly modulators, such as, but notlimited to BAY 41-4109;

reverse transcriptase inhibitor;

an immunomodulatory agent such as a TLR-agonist; and

agents of distinct or unknown mechanism, such as but not limited toAT-61((E)-N-(1-chloro-3-oxo-1-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl)benzamide),AT-130((E)-N-(1-bromo-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl)-4-nitrobenzamide),and similar analogs.

In one embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is an interferon.The term “interferon” or “IFN” refers to any member the family of highlyhomologous species-specific proteins that inhibit viral replication andcellular proliferation, and modulate immune response. Human interferonsare grouped into three classes; Type I, which include interferon-alpha(IFN-α), interferon-beta (IFN-β), and interferon-omega (IFN-ω), Type II,which includes interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and Type III, which includesinterferon-lambda (IFN-λ). Recombinant forms of interferons that havebeen developed and are commercially available are encompassed by theterm “interferon” as used herein. Subtypes of interferons, such aschemically modified or mutated interferons, are also encompassed by theterm “interferon” as used herein. Chemically modified interferonsinclude pegylated interferons and glycosylated interferons. Examples ofinterferons also include, but are not limited to, interferon-alpha-2a,interferon-alpha-2b, interferon-alpha-n1, interferon-beta-1a,interferon-beta-1b, interferon-lamda-1, interferon-lamda-2, andinterferon-lamda-3. Examples of pegylated interferons include pegylatedinterferon-alpha-2a and pegylated interferson alpha-2b.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, the compounds of Formula I, II, III, orIV, can be administered in combination with an interferon selected fromthe group consisting of interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta(IFN-β), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In onespecific embodiment, the interferon is interferon-alpha-2a,interferon-alpha-2b, or interferon-alpha-n1. In another specificembodiment, the interferon-alpha-2a or interferon-alpha-2b is pegylated.In a preferred embodiment, the interferon-alpha-2a is pegylatedinterferon-alpha-2a (PEGASYS).

In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is selected fromimmune modulator or immune stimulator therapies, which includesbiological agents belonging to the interferon class.

Further, the additional therapeutic agent may be an agent of distinct orunknown mechanism including agents that disrupt the function of otheressential viral protein(s) or host proteins required for HBV replicationor persistence.

In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is an antiviralagent that blocks viral entry or maturation or targets the HBVpolymerase such as nucleoside or nucleotide or non-nucleos(t)idepolymerase inhibitors. In a further embodiment of the combinationtherapy, the reverse transcriptase inhibitor and/or DNA and/or RNApolymerase inhibitor is Zidovudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, ddA,Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Entecavir, Apricitabine,Atevirapine, ribavirin, acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir,ganciclovir, valganciclovir, Tenofovir, Adefovir, PMPA, cidofovir,Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine, or Etravirine.

In an embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is animmunomodulatory agent that induces a natural, limited immune responseleading to induction of immune responses against unrelated viruses. Inother words, the immunomodulatory agent can effect maturation of antigenpresenting cells, proliferation of T-cells and cytokine release (e.g.,IL-12, IL-18, IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma and TNF-alpha among others),

In a further embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is a TLRmodulator or a TLR agonist, such as a TLR-7 agonist or TLR-9 agonist. Infurther embodiment of the combination therapy, the TLR-7 agonist isselected from the group consisting of SM360320(9-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)adenine) and AZD 8848 (methyl[3-({[3-(6-amino-2-butoxy-8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)propyl][3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]acetate).

In any of the methods provided herein, the method may further compriseadministering to the individual at least one HBV vaccine, a nucleosideHBV inhibitor, an interferon or any combination thereof. In anembodiment, the HBV vaccine is at least one of RECOMBIVAX HB, ENGERIX-B,ELOVAC B, GENEVAC-B, or SHANVAC B.

In another aspect, provided herein is method of treating an HBVinfection in an individual in need thereof, comprising reducing the HBVviral load by administering to the individual a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of the invention alone or in combinationwith a reverse transcriptase inhibitor; and further administering to theindividual a therapeutically effective amount of HBV vaccine. Thereverse transcriptase inhibitor may be one of Zidovudine, Didanosine,Zalcitabine, ddA, Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir, Emtricitabine,Entecavir, Apricitabine, Atevirapine, ribavirin, acyclovir, famciclovir,valacyclovir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, Tenofovir, Adefovir, PMPA,cidofovir, Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine, or Etravirine.

For any combination therapy described herein, synergistic effect may becalculated, for example, using suitable methods such as theSigmoid-E_(max) equation (Holford & Scheiner, 19981, Clin.Pharmacokinet. 6: 429-453), the equation of Loewe additivity (Loewe &Muischnek, 1926, Arch. Exp. Pathol Pharmacol. 114: 313-326) and themedian-effect equation (Chou & Talalay, 1984, Adv. Enzyme Regul. 22:27-55). Each equation referred to above may be applied to experimentaldata to generate a corresponding graph to aid in assessing the effectsof the drug combination. The corresponding graphs associated with theequations referred to above are the concentration-effect curve,isobologram curve and combination index curve, respectively.

In an embodiment of any of the methods of administering combinationtherapies provided herein, the method can further comprise monitoringthe HBV viral load of the subject, wherein the method is carried out fora period of time such that the HBV virus is undetectable.

Administration/Dosage/Formulations

In another aspect, provided herein is pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Actual dosage levels of the active ingredients in the pharmaceuticalcompositions of this invention may be varied so as to obtain an amountof the active ingredient that is effective to achieve the desiredtherapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode ofadministration, without being toxic to the patient.

In particular, the selected dosage level will depend upon a variety offactors including the activity of the particular compound employed, thetime of administration, the rate of excretion of the compound, theduration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds or materials used incombination with the compound, the age, sex, weight, condition, generalhealth and prior medical history of the patient being treated, and likefactors well, known in the medical arts.

A medical doctor, e.g., physician or veterinarian, having ordinary skillin the art may readily determine and prescribe the effective amount ofthe pharmaceutical composition required. For example, the physician orveterinarian could start doses of the compounds of the inventionemployed in the pharmaceutical composition at levels lower than thatrequired in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect andgradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved.

In particular embodiments, it is especially advantageous to formulatethe compound in dosage unit form for ease of administration anduniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers tophysically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the patients tobe treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of therapeuticcompound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect inassociation with the required pharmaceutical vehicle.

The dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directlydependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the therapeutic compoundand the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) thelimitations inherent in the art of compounding/formulating such atherapeutic compound for the treatment of HBV infection in a patient.

In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention are formulatedusing one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers. Inone embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the inventioncomprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of theinvention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In some embodiments, the dose of a compound of the invention is fromabout 1 mg to about 2,500 mg. In some embodiments, a dose of a compoundof the invention used in compositions described herein is less thanabout 10,000 mg, or less than about 8,000 mg, or less than about 6,000mg, or less than about 5,000 mg, or less than about 3,000 mg, or lessthan about 2,000 mg, or less than about 1,000 mg, or less than about 500mg, or less than about 200 mg, or less than about 50 mg. Similarly, insome embodiments, a dose of a second compound (i.e., another drug forHBV treatment) as described herein is less than about 1,000 mg, or lessthan about 800 mg, or less than about 600 mg, or less than about 500 mg,or less than about 400 mg, or less than about 300 mg, or less than about200 mg, or less than about 100 mg, or less than about 50 mg, or lessthan about 40 mg, or less than about 30 mg, or less than about 25 mg, orless than about 20 mg, or less than about 15 mg, or less than about 10mg, or less than about 5 mg, or less than about 2 mg, or less than about1 mg, or less than about 0.5 mg, and any and all whole or partialincrements thereof.

In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a packagedpharmaceutical composition comprising a container holding atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, aloneor in combination with a second pharmaceutical agent; and instructionsfor using the compound to treat, prevent, or reduce one or more symptomsof HBV infection in a patient.

Routes of administration of any of the compositions of the inventioninclude oral, nasal, rectal, intravaginal, parenteral, buccal,sublingual or topical. The compounds for use in the invention may beformulated for administration by any suitable route, such as for oral orparenteral, for example, transdermal, transmucosal (e.g., sublingual,lingual, (trans)buccal, (trans)urethral, vaginal (e.g., trans- andperivaginally), (intra)nasal and (trans)rectal), intravesical,intrapulmonary, intraduodenal, intragastrical, intrathecal,subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intra-arterial, intravenous,intrabronchial, inhalation, and topical administration.

Suitable compositions and dosage forms include, for example, tablets,capsules, caplets, pills, gel caps, troches, dispersions, suspensions,solutions, syrups, granules, beads, transdermal patches, gels, powders,pellets, magmas, lozenges, creams, pastes, plasters, lotions, discs,suppositories, liquid sprays for nasal or oral administration, drypowder or aerosolized formulations for inhalation, compositions andformulations for intravesical administration and the like. It should beunderstood that the formulations and compositions that would be usefulin the present invention are not limited to the particular formulationsand compositions that are described herein.

For oral application, particularly suitable are tablets, dragees,liquids, drops, suppositories, or capsules, caplets and gelcaps. Thecompositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to anymethod known in the art and such compositions may contain one or moreagents selected from the group consisting of inert, non-toxicpharmaceutically excipients that are suitable for the manufacture oftablets. Such excipients include, for example an inert diluent such aslactose; granulating and disintegrating agents such as cornstarch;binding agents such as starch; and lubricating agents such as magnesiumstearate. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by knowntechniques for elegance or to delay the release of the activeingredients. Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hardgelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inertdiluent.

For parenteral administration, the compounds of the invention may beformulated for injection or infusion, for example, intravenous,intramuscular or subcutaneous injection or infusion, or foradministration in a bolus dose and/or continuous infusion. Suspensions,solutions or emulsions in an oily or aqueous vehicle, optionallycontaining other formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizingand/or dispersing agents may be used.

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain usingno more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to thespecific procedures, embodiments, claims, and examples described herein.Such equivalents were considered to be within the scope of thisinvention and covered by the claims appended hereto. For example, itshould be understood, that modifications in reaction conditions,including but not limited to reaction times, reaction size/volume, andexperimental reagents, such as solvents, catalysts, pressures,atmospheric conditions, e.g., nitrogen atmosphere, andreducing/oxidizing agents, with art-recognized alternatives and using nomore than routine experimentation, are within the scope of the presentapplication.

It is to be understood that wherever values and ranges are providedherein, all values and ranges encompassed by these values and ranges,are meant to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.Moreover, all values that fall within these ranges, as well as the upperor lower limits of a range of values, are also contemplated by thepresent application.

The following examples further illustrate aspects of the presentinvention. However, they are in no way a limitation of the teachings ordisclosure of the present invention as set forth herein.

EXAMPLES

The invention is now described with reference to the following Examples.These Examples are provided for the purpose of illustration only, andthe invention is not limited to these Examples, but rather encompassesall variations that are evident as a result of the teachings providedherein.

Example 1: Procedure for the Preparation of Compounds 040 and 239

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

Cool the three-necked round bottom flask to −78° C., LiAlH4 (192.75 mg,5.08 mmol, 3.00 eq) was added under N₂, then a solution of O5-tert-butylO3-ethyl 1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(500.00 mg, 1.69 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (5.00 mL) was added dropwise,after addition the reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C. and stirred at0° C. for 5 hours. LCMS showed starting material was consumed completelyand one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction wasquenched with water (10 mL) and then extracted with EA (30 mL*3), thecombined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. Compound tert-butyl3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(350.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow oil. The crude product wasused into next step directly without further purification. LCMS: 254[M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(350.00 mg, 1.38 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (5.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (3.00 mL) in one portion, the reaction mixture was stirredat 20° C. for one hour, solid was precipitate out. TLC (Petroleumether:Ethyl acetate=0:1) showed the reaction was completed. The solutionwas concentrated on a water bath under reduced pressure using a rotaryevaporator. 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-ylmethanol(165.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow solid. The crude product wasused into next step directly without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 040

To a mixture of4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-ylmethanol (100.00 mg,527.31 umol, 1.00 eq) and HATU (201.60 mg, 530.19 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM(5.00 mL) was added DIPEA (102.78 mg, 795.29 umol, 1.50 eq) and2-phenoxyacetic acid (80.23 mg, 527.31 umol, 1.00 eq) in one portion,the mixture was stirred at 20° C. for one hour. The desired compound wasdetected by LCMS. The mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL*3) and water(10 mL), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. Further purification by pre-HPLC(FA) to affordCompound 040 (40.00 mg, 139.22 umol, 26.26% yield) as yellow oil. LCMS:288 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 239

To a solution of4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-ylmethanol (85.00 mg,448.22 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added TEA (136.07 mg,1.34 mmol, 3.00 eq) at 0° C., followed by 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene(75.72 mg, 493.04 umol, 1.10 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C. for 30 minutes. LCMS showed compound 3 was consumed completely andone main peak with desired MS was detected. The mixture was extractedwith DCM (15 mL*3) and water (15 mL), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Furtherpurification by prep-HPLC(FA) to afford Compound 239 (41.00 mg, 127.24umol, 28.39% yield, 95.2% purity) as white solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.52-7.53 (t, J=2.01 Hz, 1H) 7.21-7.28 (m,2H) 6.99-7.01 (m, 1H) 4.61 (s, 4H) 3.79-3.82 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H)2.79-2.82 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 307 [M+1].

Example 2: Procedure for the Preparation of Compounds 041 and 238

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

Cooled the three-necked round bottom flask in an ice bath to 0° C.,MeMgBr (3 M, 2.82 mL, 5.00 eq) was added under N₂, then a solution of5-tert-butyl 3-ethyl1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (500.00 mg,1.69 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (10.00 mL) was added dropwise under N₂, afteraddition the reaction mixture was warmed to 20° C. and stirred at 20° C.for 3 hours. LCMS showed starting material was consumed completely andone main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction was quenchedwith aqueous solution of NH₄Cl (15 mL) and then extracted with EA (20mL*3), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Tert-butyl3-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(350.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow oil. The crude product wasused into next step directly without further purification. LCMS: 282[M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (350.00 mg, 1.24 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane(5.00 mL) was added HCl/dioxane (3.00 mL) in one portion, the reactionmixture was stirred at 20° C. for one hour, solid was precipitate out.TLC (Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=0:1) showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was evaporated on a water bath under reducedpressure using a rotary evaporator.2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)propan-2-ol (200.00mg, crude) was obtained as yellow solid. The crude product was used intonext step directly without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 041

To a mixture of2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)propan-2-ol (100.00mg, 551.79 umol, 1.00 eq) and HATU (314.71 mg, 827.68 umol, 1.50 eq) inDCM (5.00 mL) was added DIPEA (71.31 mg, 551.79 umol, 1.00 eq) and2-phenoxyacetic acid (83.95 mg, 551.79 umol, 1.00 eq) in one portion,the reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for one hour. The desiredproduct was detected by LCMS. The reaction mixture was extracted withDCM (15 mL*3) and water (15 mL), the organic phase was dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Furtherpurification by prep-HPLC(FA) to afford Compound 041 (40.00 mg, 125.57umol, 22.76% yield, 99% purity) as yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d₄) 7.24-7.30 (m, 2H) 6.94-6.99 (m, 3H) 4.86 (s, 2H) 4.73 (s,2H) 3.80-3.89 (m, 2H) 2.72-2.83 (m, 2H) 1.53 (s, 6H). LCMS: 316 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 238

To a solution of2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)propan-2-ol (85.00mg, 390.45 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added TEA (118.53mg, 1.17 mmol, 3.00 eq) at 0° C., followed by1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (65.96 mg, 429.49 umol, 1.10 eq), thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. LCMS(EW1350-180-P1C) showed the desired compound was obtained. The mixturewas extracted with DCM (15 mL*3) and water (15 mL), the organic phasewas dried over with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuum. Further purification by prep-HPLC(FA) to afford Compound 238(48.00 mg, 142.94 umol, 36.61% yield, 99.7% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.51-7.52 (t, J=2.01 Hz, 1H) 7.23-7.28 (m,2H) 6.99-7.01 (m, 1H) 4.68 (s, 2H) 3.77-3.80 (t, J=5.84 Hz, 2H)2.77-2.80 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H) 1.55 (s, 6H). LCMS: 335 [M+1].

Example 3: Procedure for the Preparation of Compound 042 and 324

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(200.00 mg, 789.58 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added DAST(152.73 mg, 947.50 umol, 1.20 eq) dropwise at −78° C., the reactionmixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 hours. TLC (Ethylacetate:Methanol=20:1) showed the starting material was consumedcompletely, The desired product was detected by LCMS. The reaction wasquenched with saturated aqueous of NaHCO₃ (10 mL) and extracted with DCM(15 mL*3), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Compound tert-butyl3-(fluoromethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (180.00 mg, crude) was obtained as yellow oil.The crude product was used into next step directly without furtherpurification. LCMS: 256 [M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(fluoromethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(180.00 mg, 705.08 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (5.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (3.00 mL) in one portion, the reaction mixture was stirredat 10° C. for one hour, solid was precipitate out. TLC (Ethylacetate:Methanol=20:1) showed the reaction was completed. The solutionwas removed on a water bath under reduced pressure using a rotaryevaporator.3-(fluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (120.00mg, crude, HCl) was obtained as light yellow solid. The crude productwas used into next step directly without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 042

To a mixture of 2-phenoxyacetic acid (63.52 mg, 417.47 umol, 1.00 eq)and HATU (158.74 mg, 417.47 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (5.00 mL) was addedDIPEA (80.93 mg, 626.21 umol, 1.50 eq) and3-(fluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (80.00mg, 417.47 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in one portion, the reaction mixture wasstirred at 10° C. for one hour. LCMS (EW1350-204-P1A) showed the desiredcompound was obtained. The mixture was extracted with DCM (15 mL*3) andwater (15 mL), the organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Further purification bypre-HPLC(FA) to afford Compound 042 (20.00 mg, 65.68 umol, 15.73% yield,95% purity) as yellow solid.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.24-7.30 (m, 2H) 6.94-6.99 (m, 3H)5.29-5.43 (m, 2H) 4.90 (br. s., 2H) 4.66-4.68 (m, 2H) 3.84-3.93 (m, 2H)2.75-2.88 (m, 2H).

LCMS: 290 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 324

To a mixture of3-(fluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (40.00mg, 208.74 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added TEA (63.37 mg,626.22 umol, 3.00 eq) at 0° C., followed by1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (32.06 mg, 208.74 umol, 1.00 eq), thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The desiredproduct was detected by LCMS. The mixture was extracted with DCM (15mL*3) and water (15 mL), the organic phase was dried with anhydrousNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Further purification bypre-HPLC(FA) to afford Compound 324 (23.00 mg, 72.48 umol, 34.72% yield,97.3% purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.52-7.53(t, J=2.01 Hz, 1H) 7.21-7.29 (m, 2H) 7.01-7.02 (m, 1H) 5.31-5.43 (m, 2H)4.62 (s, 2H) 3.81-3.84 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H) 2.82-2.85 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H).LCMS: 309 [M+1].

Example 4: Procedure for the Preparation of Compound 241

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 302

To a mixture of ethyl 4-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylate (10.00 g, 48.16mmol, 1.00 eq, HCl) and TEA (19.49 g, 192.64 mmol, 4.00 eq) in DCM(150.00 mL) was added 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (7.40 g, 48.16 mmol,1.00 eq) dropwise at 0° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 0° C.for 30 min, then heated to 15° C. and stirred for 4 hours. TLC showedthe reaction was completed. The mixture was poured into water (100 mL)and stirred for 5 min. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (100mL*2). The combined organic phase was washed with saturated brine (50mL*2), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleumether/Ethyl acetate=4/1) to afford ethyl1-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-4-oxo-piperidine-3-carboxylate (15.60 g,47.31 mmol, 98.25% yield, 98.5% purity) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.44-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.08 (m,1H), 4.28 (d, J=7.15 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 3.90-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s,2H), 2.56-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.51 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.28(m, 1H). LCMS: 325 [M+1].

Step. 2: Preparation of Compound 241

To a mixture of ethyl1-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-4-oxo-piperidine-3-carboxylate (2.00 g,6.16 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (20.00 mL) was added N₂H₄—H₂O (501.10 mg,8.01 mmol, 1.30 eq) in one portion under N₂. The mixture was stirred at80° C. for 3 hours. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixturewas concentrated in vacuum to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (1.78 g, 6.02 mmol, 97.78% yield, 99.05% purity)as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.49-7.60 (m, 1H),7.20-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.99-7.04 (m, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 2H),2.65-2.76 (m, 2H). LCMS: 293 [M+1].

Example 5: Procedure for the Preparation of Compound 337

To a mixture of[5-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl]trifluoromethanesulfonate (400.00 mg, 941.66 umol, 1.00 eq) andcyclohexen-1-ylboronic acid (237.22 mg, 1.88 mmol, 2.00 eq) in dioxane(15.00 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (68.90 mg, 94.17 umol, 0.10 eq), DPPF(52.20 mg, 94.17 umol, 0.10 eq) and K₃PO₄ (599.66 mg, 2.82 mmol, 3.00eq) in one portion under N₂. The reaction vessel was sealed and heatedin microwave at 130° C. for 2 hr. LCMS showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was poured into water (10 mL) and stirred for 2min. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL*2). Thecombined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL*2), dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by prep-HPLC(FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (195.00 mg, 510.93 umol, 54.26%yield, 93.5% purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) □7.52-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.04-6.10 (m,1H), 4.64 (s, 3H), 3.79-3.89 (m, 2H), 2.82 (s, 2H), 2.39-2.49 (m, 2H),2.23-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.87 (m, 4H). LCMS: 357 [M+1].

Example 6: Preparation of Compounds 338

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of2-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (200.00 mg,1.03 mmol, 1.00 eq) in H₂O (5.00 mL) was added KHF₂ (241.45 mg, 3.09mmol, 3.00 eq) in one portion under N₂. The reaction stirred at 20° C.for 13 h. TLC showed the reaction was completed. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuum to afford potassiumcyclopent-1-en-1-yltrifluoroborate (445.00 mg, crude) as yellow solid.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 338

To a mixture of[5-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl]trifluoromethanesulfonate (50.00 mg, 117.71 umol, 1.00 eq) and potassiumcyclopent-1-en-1-yltrifluoroborate (40.97 mg, 235.42 umol, 2.00 eq) indioxane (3.00 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (8.61 mg, 11.77 umol, 0.10 eq),DPPF (6.53 mg, 11.77 umol, 0.10 eq) and K₃PO₄ (74.96 mg, 353.12 umol,3.00 eq) in one portion under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 145° C. for1.5 hour. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely andthe desired compound was detected. The mixture was poured into water (10mL) and stirred for 2 min. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (10 mL*2). The combined organic phase was washed with saturatedbrine (10 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(10.23 mg, 28.11 umol, 23.88% yield, 94.2% purity) as white solid. LCMS:343 [M+1].

Example 7: Preparation of Compound 264

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (300.00 mg, 807.91 umol, 1.00 eq) andcyclopenten-1-ylboronic acid (135.64 mg, 1.21 mmol, 1.50 eq) in dioxane(2.00 mL) and H₂O (200.00 uL) was added XPHOS-PD-G₂ (63.57 mg, 80.79umol, 0.10 eq), K₃PO₄ (342.99 mg, 1.62 mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portionunder N₂. The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 10 hour. TLC (Ethylacetate:Petroleum ether=2:1) showed the reaction was completed and thedesired product was detected. The mixture was poured into water (20 mL)and stirred for 2 min. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (20 mL*2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (20mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleumether/Ethyl acetate=2/1) to afford tert-butyl3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(Compound 3) (200.00 mg, 691.16 umol, 85.55% yield) as white solid.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(50.00 mg, 172.79 umol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (5.00 mL) was added Pd/C (10%,5 mg) under N₂. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged withH₂ several times. The mixture was stirred under H₂ (15 psi) at 20° C.for 12 hours. LCMS showed the starting material was consumed completely.The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter was concentrated togive tert-butyl3-cyclopentyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(Compound 4) (44.00 mg, 151.00 umol, 87.39% yield) as yellow solid.LCMS: 292 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-cyclopentyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(44.00 mg, 151.00 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (2.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 4.00 mL, 105.96 eq) in one portion at 15° C. under N₂.The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 hours. TLC (Ethylacetate:Petroleum ether=2:1) showed the reaction was completed. Themixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford3-cyclopentyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (34.39 mg,151.01 umol, 100.00% yield, HCl) as yellow solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 264

To a mixture of3-cyclopentyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (34.00 mg,149.30 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) and TEA (30.22 mg, 298.60 umol, 2.00 eq) inDCM (3.00 mL) was added 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (22.93 mg, 149.30umol, 1.00 eq) in one portion at 0° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirredat 15° C. for 0.5 hours. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. Themixture was poured into water (10 mL) and stirred for 1 min. The aqueousphase was extracted with DCM (10 mL*2). The combined organic phase waswashed with brine (10 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) toafford N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopentyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (26.00 mg, 73.44 umol, 49.19%yield, 97.4% purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) □7.49-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.97-7.04 (m,1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.00-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.83 (m, 2H),1.98-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.70 (br. s., 6H). LCMS: 345 [M+1].

Example 8: Preparation of Compounds 274 and 275

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of Compound 1 (400.00 mg, 1.90 mmol, 1.00 eq) in H₂O (4mL) was added a solution of potassium fluoride hydrofluoride (446.12 mg,5.71 mmol, 3.00 eq) in H₂O (4 mL) at 0° C. under N₂, and the mixture wasstirred at 18° C. for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure to afford the desired product, Compound 2,(847.00 mg, crude) as yellow solid, which was used directly for the nextstep.

Preparation of Compound 274

A mixture of Compound 3 (30.00 mg, 70.62 umol, 1.00 eq), Compound 2(20.13 mg, 105.94 umol, 1.50 eq), K₃PO₄ (29.98 mg, 141.25 umol, 2.00eq), DPPF (3.92 mg, 7.06 umol, 0.10 eq), KBr (840.38 ug, 7.06 umol, 0.10eq) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (2.58 mg, 3.53 umol, 0.05 eq) in dioxane (3.00 mL)was heated to 145° C. in microwave for 1 hr. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with brine (60 mL), and extracted with EA (80 mL). The organiclayer was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown residue.The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to afford desire product(10.00 mg, 27.20 umol, 38.52% yield, 97.6% purity) as yellow solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.54 (t, J=2.01 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 1H),7.21-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=0.88 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H),4.35 (q, J=2.64 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (t, J=5.77 Hz,2H), 2.84 (s, 2H), 2.56 (d, J=1.76 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 359/361 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 275

A mixture of Compound 274 (30.00 mg, 83.61 umol, 1.00 eq), LiCl (3.54mg, 83.61 umol, 1.00 eq) and Pd/C (5.00 mg) in EA (8.00 mL) was heatedto 50° C. under H₂ (50 Psi) for 16 hrs. The mixture was filtered, andthe filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellowresidue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to give impureproduct. The impure product was purified by prep-TLC to afford desireproduct (5.00 mg, 13.59 umol, 16.26% yield, 98.1% purity) as yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.55 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.37 (m, 2H),7.03 (d, J=7.53 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 4.05 (d, J=11.17 Hz, 2H), 3.82(t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (t, J=11.48 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (s, 1H), 2.81 (t,J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 1.80-1.94 (m, 4H). LCMS: 361/363 [M+1].

Example 9: Preparation of Compounds 267, 336, 388, and 441

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 336

A mixture of Compound 1 (100.00 mg, 235.42 umol, 1.00 eq), potassiumtrifluoro(prop-1-en-2-yl)borate (52.26 mg, 353.13 umol, 1.50 eq), K₃PO₄(99.95 mg, 470.84 umol, 2.00 eq) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (17.23 mg, 23.54 umol,0.10 eq) in dioxane (3.00 mL) was heated to 140° C. in microwave for 1hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with brine (60 mL), and extractedwith EA (80 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown residue. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to afford desire product (14.00 mg, 43.63umol, 18.53% yield, 98.73% purity) as yellow solid. LCMS: 317/319 [M+1].¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ=12.34-12.75 (m, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s,1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.16 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (t, J=8.09 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=9.16Hz, 1H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 2.71 (s,2H), 2.09 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 267

A mixture of Compound 1 (40.00 mg, 126.27 umol, 1.00 eq), LiCl (5.35 mg,126.27 umol, 1.00 eq) and Pd/C (5.00 mg) in EA (8.00 mL) was heated to65° C. under H₂ (15 Psi) for 16 hrs. LCMS showed no reaction. Themixture was stirred at 50° C. under H₂ (50 Psi) for 16 hrs. The mixturewas filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureto give a yellow residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) toafford the desired product, Compound 267 (15.00 mg, 45.12 umol, 35.73%yield, 95.90% purity) as white solid.

LCMS: 319/321 [M+1].

¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.55 (t, J=1.94 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.37 (m,2H), 7.04 (d, J=8.66 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.85 (t, J=5.96 Hz, 2H),3.04-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 1.35 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 6H).

Preparation of Compound 388

To a solution of Compound 1 (50.00 mg, 157.84 umol, 1.00 eq) in THF(3.00 mL) was added BH₃-Me₂S (10 M, 63.14 uL, 4.00 eq) at 0° C. underN₂, and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 16 hrs. A solution of NaOH(25.25 mg, 631.36 umol, 4.00 eq) in H₂O (1.00 mL) and H₂O₂ (81.34 mg,789.20 umol, 5.00 eq) was added into the mixture at 0° C., and thereaction mixture was stirred at 15° C. for another 2 hrs. The reactionmixture was diluted with Na₂SO₃ (Saturated, 60 mL), and extracted withEA (80 mL). The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure togive a yellow residue. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC(FA) toaffordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(15.00 mg, 43.28 umol, 27.42% yield, 96.6% purity) as white solid. LCMS:335/337 [M+1]. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.54 (t, J=1.88 Hz, 1H),7.29-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.91 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d,J=2.64 Hz, 2H), 3.62-3.92 (m, 4H), 2.98-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.81 (s, 2H), 1.32(d, J=7.15 Hz, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 441

To a solution of Compound 1 (35.00 mg, 110.49 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM(4.00 mL) was added ZnEt₂ (1 M, 552.43 uL, 5.00 eq) at 0° C. under N₂,followed by chloro(iodo)methane (116.93 mg, 662.92 umol, 6.00 eq) after0.5 h, and the mixture was stirred at 18° C. for 16 hrs. The mixture wasquenched with HCl (2M) to pH=6 and extracted with EA (60 mL). Theorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure to give yellow residue. The residue was purified withEW645-416-P1 by prep-HPLC (FA) to afford desired product, Compound 441,(9.00 mg, 26.77 umol, 24.23% yield, 98.4% purity) as yellow solid. LCMS:331/333 [M+1]. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.55 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.35(m, 1H), 7.22-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.65 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.81(t, J=5.65 Hz, 2H), 2.79 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 2H),0.73 (s, 2H).

Example 10: Preparation of Compound 547

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of 2-chloro-3-fluoro-pyridin-4-amine (100.00 mg, 682.36umol, 1.00 eq) and pyridine (161.92 mg, 2.05 mmol, 3.00 eq) in DCM (5.00mL) was added phenyl carbonochloridate (160.26 mg, 1.02 mmol, 1.50 eq)at 0° C. under N₂, and the mixture was stirred at 18° C. for 0.5 hr. Thereaction mixture was diluted with DCM (50 mL) and washed with brine (40mL, three times). The organic layer was concentrated under reducedpressure to afford desired product, Compound 3, (180.00 mg, crude) asyellow oil, which was used directly for the next step.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of Compound 4 (1.00 g, 3.31 mmol, 1.00 eq), Compound 5 (734.59mg, 4.97 mmol, 1.50 eq), K₃PO₄ (1.41 g, 6.62 mmol, 2.00 eq) andPd(dppf)Cl₂ (121.10 mg, 165.50 umol, 0.05 eq) in dioxane (20.00 mL) washeated to 120° C. in microwave for 1 hr. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with brine (80 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL). The organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure to give a brown residue. The residue was purified by silica gelcolumn to afford desire product (580.00 mg, 2.20 mmol, 66.47% yield) asyellow solid. LCMS: 264 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of Compound 6 (315.00 mg, 1.20 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (1.00mL) was added TFA (1.53 g, 13.42 mmol, 11.18 eq) under N₂, and themixture was stirred at 18° C. under N₂ for 1 hr. The reaction mixturewas concentrated under reduced pressure to afford3-isopropenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (330.00 mg,1.19 mmol, 99.19% yield, TFA) as yellow oil, which was used directly forthe next step.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 547

To a solution of3-isopropenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (55.09 mg,337.50 umol, 2.00 eq) and Et₃N (68.30 mg, 675.00 umol, 4.00 eq) in DCM(4.00 mL) was added phenyl N-(2-chloro-3-fluoro-4-pyridyl)carbamate(45.00 mg, 168.75 umol, 1.00 eq), and the mixture was stirred at 18° C.for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with brine (40 mL) andextracted with DCM (50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated underreduced pressure to give a yellow residue. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to afford the desired product, Compound 547, (20.00 mg,57.66 umol, 34.17% yield, 96.8% purity) as yellow solid. LCMS: 336/338[M+1]. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.22 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.19 (m, 2H),6.84-6.91 (m, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.84 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H),2.84 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H).

Example 11: Preparation of Compound 548

To a solution of 3-bromo-2-fluoro-aniline (25.00 mg, 131.57 umol, 1.00eq) and Et₃N (66.57 mg, 657.85 umol, 5.00 eq) in DCM (4.00 mL) was addedTRIPHOSGENE (19.52 mg, 65.79 umol, 0.50 eq) at 0° C. under N₂, and themixture was stirred at 18° C. for 0.5 hr. A solution of Compound 1(42.95 mg, 263.14 umol, 2.00 eq) and Et₃N (56.66 mg, 559.95 umol, 3.00eq) in DCM (4.00 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at18° C. for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with brine (40 mL)and extracted with DCM (50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated underreduced pressure to give a yellow residue. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to afford desire product, Compound 548, (26.00 mg, 67.87umol, 51.59% yield, 99.00% purity) as yellow solid. LCMS: 379/381 [M+1].¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.32-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.07 (dt, J=1.32,8.13 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 4.68 (s, 2H), 3.86 (t, J=5.83 Hz, 2H), 2.85(t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H).

Example 12: Preparation of Compound 549

To a solution of 3-methylaniline (20.00 mg, 186.65 umol, 1.00 eq) andEt₃N (94.44 mg, 933.25 umol, 5.00 eq) in DCM (4.00 mL) was addedTRIPHOSGENE (27.69 mg, 93.33 umol, 0.50 eq) at 0° C. under N₂, and themixture was stirred at 18° C. for 0.5 hr. A solution of3-isopropenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (54.84 mg,335.97 umol, 1.80 eq) and Et₃N (56.66 mg, 559.95 umol, 3.00 eq) in DCM(4.00 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 18° C. for0.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with brine (40 mL), andextracted with DCM (50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated underreduced pressure to give a yellow residue. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to afford3-isopropenyl-N-(m-tolyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(23.00 mg, 76.29 umol, 40.87% yield, 98.30% purity) as yellow solid.LCMS: 297 [M+1]. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ=7.22 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.19(m, 2H), 6.84-6.91 (m, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.84 (t, J=5.77Hz, 2H), 2.84 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H).

Example 13: Preparation of Compounds 260

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of ethyl 3-aminopropanoate (50.00 g, 320.55 mmol, 1.00 eq,HCl salt) in MeOH (150.00 mL) was added NaOH (13 g, 320.55 mmol, 1.00eq). The mixture was heated to 70° C. Acrylonitrile (21.8 g, 410.1 mmol,1.26 eq) was added dropwise into the above mixture. And the mixture wasstirred at 70° C. for 4 h. It was cooled 25° C., Boc₂O (6.39 g, 29.30mmol, 0.90 eq) was added. Then the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16h. TLC showed the reaction completed. The mixture was filtered, thefiltrate was washed with water (500 mL), extracted with EtOAc (500mL*3), the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to giveCompound 2A (6.70 g, 24.79 mmol, 76.15% yield), which was used directly.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=3.71 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.63 (m, 4H),2.56-2.70 (m, 4H), 1.49 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of ethyl3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-cyanoethyl)amino]propanoate (70.00 g, 258.95mmol, 1.00 eq) in PhMe (150.00 mL) was added NaH (10.46 g, 261.54 mmol,1.01 eq) in three portions. The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 4 h.TLC showed the reaction completed. The reaction was quenched withaqueous saturate NH₄Cl (200 mL), the aqueous was acidified with HCl (2N)to pH=6, then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (150 mL*3), theorganic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give Compound 3 which was used directly. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=4.40 (br. s., 1H), 4.16-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.58 (brs.,2H), 3.41 (d, J=7.28 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (d, J=14.31 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (dd,J=5.77, 9.54 Hz, 1H), 1.52 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a mixture of tert-butyl 3-cyano-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (20.00g, 89.18 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (200.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (8.93g, 178.36 mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portion. The mixture was stirred at 80°C. for 2 h. TLC showed the reaction worked well. The mixture wasconcentrated to give Compound 4 (19.70 g, 82.67 mmol, 92.70% yield).

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a suspension of Compound 4 (40.00 g, 0.47 mol, 1.00 eq) and CuBr₂ (44g, 0.58 mol, 1.20 eq) in 500 mL of acetonitrile was added t-BuONO (20.2g, 0.58 mol, 1.20 eq) dropwise at 0° C. The contents were allowed tostir at 50° C. for 4 h. TLC showed the reaction completed. Then it wasquenched with HCl (1M, 300 mL), extracted with EtOAc (200 mL*3), theorganic layer was washed with brine (300 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give Compound 5 (11.00 g, 36.40 mmol, 21.69% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=4.33 (brs, 2H), 3.72 (brs, 2H), 2.83 (t,J=5.27 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (s, 9H).

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 6

To a mixture of Compound 5 (11.00 g, 36.40 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (10.00mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 20.02 mL) in one portion at 0° C. Themixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated togive Compound 5 (HCl).

Preparation of Compound 260

To a mixture of 3-bromo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(10.50 g, 38.19 mmol, 1.00 eq, 2HCl) in MeOH (350.00 mL) was added K₂CO₃(13.20 g, 95.48 mmol, 2.50 eq). Then the mixture was filtered, thefiltrate was used directly. And 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (5.86 g,38.19 mmol, 1.00 eq) was added slowly into above filtrate at 25° C. Thereaction was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. LCMS showed the reaction workedwell. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was rinsed with a mixedsolution of PE/EA (10/1, 20 mL). The mixture was filtered and the cakewas collected to give Compound 260 (11.00 g, 30.93 mmol, 80.99% yield).¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ=12.95 (brs, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H),7.41 (d, J=8.03 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (t, J=8.16 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=7.78 Hz,1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 3.72 (brs, 2H), 2.72 (brs, 2H). LCMS: 355 [M+1].

Example 14: Preparation of Compound 515

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 5.02mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (15.00 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 6.53 mL, 1.30eq) portion-wise at −60° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at −60° C.for 30 min, 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride (786.91 mg, 6.53 mmol, 1.30eq) in THF (2.00 mL) was added dropwise at −60° C. The mixture wasstirred at 10° C. for 2 hr. TLC showed the reaction was completed. Themixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl (20 mL) and extracted with EA(50 mL*2). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.20 g, crude)as yellow oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.20 g, 4.23mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (10.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (498.24 mg, 8.46mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portion. The mixture was heated to 110° C. andstirred for 5 hours. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixturewas concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA)to affordtert-butyl-3-tert-butyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(300.00 mg, 1.07 mmol, 25.39% yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) 8=4.56 (brs, 2H), 3.69 (brs, 2H), 2.70-2.81 (m, 2H), 1.50(s, 10H), 1.35 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of tert-butyl3-tert-butyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(80.00 mg, 286.35 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (3.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 3.00 mL, 41.91 eq) in one portion. The mixture wasstirred at 10° C. for 30 min. TLC showed the reaction was completed. Themixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford3-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (65.00 mg,257.75 umol, 90.01% yield, 2HCl) as white solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 515

To a solution of3-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (65.00 mg,257.75 umol, 1.00 eq, 2HCl) in DCM (10.00 mL) was added TEA (52.16 mg,515.50 umol, 2.00 eq) followed by a solution of1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (39.58 mg, 257.75 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM(1.00 mL) dropwise at −10° C. The mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 20min. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixture was quenchedwith H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL*2). The combined organicphase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuum. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC (FA) to afford3-tert-butyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(35.00 mg, 102.21 umol, 39.66% yield, 97.2% purity) as yellow solid. 1HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ=7.54 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.01-7.05 (m, 1H), 4.69 (s, 2H), 3.80 (t, J=5.8 Hz,2H), 2.81 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (s, 9H).

Example 15: Preparation of Compound 554

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of LiHMDS (1 M, 7.53 mL, 1.50 eq) was added dropwisetert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 5.02 mmol, 1.00 eq) inTHF (4.00 mL) at −70° C. for 30 min, then cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride(892.76 mg, 7.53 mmol, 1.50 eq) in THF (4.00 mL) was added dropwise at−70° C. The mixture was stirred at 16° C. for 3 hr. The reaction wasquenched with sat. NH₄Cl (20 mL) and then extracted with EA (20 mL*2).The combined organic phase was washed with brine (15 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl3-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.50 g, crude)as a yellow solid. LCMS: 182[M+1−100].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of tert-butyl3-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (7.50 g, 5.33mmol, 1.00 eq), N₂H₄.H₂O (320.18 mg, 6.40 mmol, 1.20 eq) in EtOH (10.00mL) was heated to 80° C. for 3 hr. The solution was concentrated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, PE/EA=10/1 to 3/1)to give tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(700.00 mg, 1.51 mmol, 28.41% yield, 60% purity) as a light yellowsolid. LCMS: 278[M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine-5-carboxylate(245.00 mg, 883.33 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (3.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 3.00 mL, 13.58 eq), the solution was stirred at 16° C.for 2 hr. The reaction was concentrated to give3-cyclobutyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine;hydrochloride (200.00 mg, crude) as a white solid. LCMS: 178[M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 554

To a solution of3-cyclobutyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride(90.00 mg, 421.13 umol, 1.00 eq), TEA (127.84 mg, 1.26 mmol, 3.00 eq) inDCM (8.00 mL) was added dropwise 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (64.67mg, 421.13 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (1 mL) at −10° C. and stirred for 30min. The solution was washed with water (O1 mL), the organic phase wasdried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by prep-HPLC (basic) to giveN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclobutyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(40.00 mg, 120.19 umol, 28.54% yield, 99.4% purity) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) ppm 7.52 (t, J=2.01 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.32 (m,1H), 7.21-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.03 (m, 1H), 4.55 (brs, 2H), 3.79 (t,J=5.77 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (brs, 1H), 2.78 (t, J=5.65 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.40 (m,4H), 2.03-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.93 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 1H). LCMS: 331[M+1].

Example 16: Preparation of Compound 455

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-amino-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (150.00mg, 629.49 umol, 1.00 eq) and 1,4-dibromobutane (135.91 mg, 629.49 umol,1.00 eq) in MeCN (10.00 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (410.20 mg, 1.26 mmol, 2.00eq). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 1 hr. TLC (Petroleumether/Ethyl acetate=0/1) showed the starting material 1 was consumedcompletely, and a major new spot detected. The solvent was evaporated,the residue was washed with water (20 mL), extracted with Ethyl acetate(20 mL*2), the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel,eluting with Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate=1/1 to 0/1) to affordtert-butyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(45.00 mg, 153.91 umol, 24.45% yield) as light yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.46 (br. s., 2H), 3.59 (brs, 2H), 3.28 (t, J=6.27 Hz,4H), 2.57 (br. s., 2H), 1.87 (br. s., 4H), 1.38-1.45 (m, 9H). LCMS: 293[M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of tert-butyl3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(45.00 mg, 153.91 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (1.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 3.00 mL, 77.97 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C.for 1 hr. Then white solid was formed, the solvent was evaporated toafford 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(38.00 mg, crude, HCl) as white solid, which was not purified and useddirectly in the next step.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 455

To a solution of3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (38.00mg, 166.14 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (3.00 mL) was added TEA (33.62 mg,332.28 umol, 2.00 eq) and 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (25.51 mg,166.14 umol, 1.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. LCMSshowed the material 3 was consumed completely, and a main peak withdesired MS detected. The solvent was evaporated, the residue was washedwith water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL*3), the combinedorganic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated to afford aresidue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (23.94 mg, 60.77 umol, 36.58% yield, 99.47%purity, FA salt) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.17 (brs,1H), 7.54 (brs, 1H), 7.22-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=7.53 Hz, 1H), 4.66(s, 2H), 3.80 (t, J=5.27 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (brs, 4H), 2.75 (brs, 2H), 1.99(brs, 4H). LCMS: 346/348 [M+1].

Example 17: Preparation of Compound 546

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (300.00 mg, 807.91 umol, 1.00 eq) andcyclopenten-1-ylboronic acid (135.64 mg, 1.21 mmol, 1.50 eq) in dioxane(2.00 mL) and H₂O (200.00 uL) was added XPHOS-PD-G2 (63.57 mg, 80.79umol, 0.10 eq), K₃PO₄ (342.99 mg, 1.62 mmol, 2.00 eq) in one portionunder N₂. The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 10 hour. TLC (Ethylacetate:Petroleum ether=2:1) showed the reaction was completed and thedesired product was detected. The mixture was poured into water (20 mL)and stirred for 2 min. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (20 mL*2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (20mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleumether/Ethyl acetate=2/1) to afford tert-butyl3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(200.00 mg, 691.16 umol, 85.55% yield) as white solid. LCMS: 290 [M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(50.00 mg, 172.79 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (8.00 mL) was added diethylzinc(1 M, 863.95 uL, 5.00 eq) at 0° C. under N₂. Then chloro(iodo)methane(182.86 mg, 1.04 mmol, 6.00 eq) was added to the mixture and stirred at20° C. for 12 hours. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixturewas poured into water (10 mL) and stirred for 2 min. The aqueous phasewas extracted with DCM (10 mL*2). The combined organic phase was washedwith brine (10 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) toafford tert-butyl 3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (20.00mg, 65.92 umol, 38.15% yield) as yellow solid. LCMS: 304 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (20.00 mg, 65.92 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane(1.00 mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 2.00 mL, 121.36 eq) in one portionunder N₂. The mixture was stirred at 18° C. for 1 hour. TLC (Petroleumether:Ethyl acetate=2:1) showed the reaction was completed. The mixturewas concentrated in vacuum to afford3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(15.80 mg, 65.90 umol, 100.00% yield, HCl) as yellow solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 546

To a mixture of3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(15.80 mg, 65.90 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) and TEA (20.01 mg, 197.70 umol,3.00 eq) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (9.11mg, 59.31 umol, 0.90 eq) in one portion at 15° C. under N₂. The mixturewas stirred at 15° C. for 30 min. LCMS showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was poured into water (10 mL) and stirred for 2min. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (10 mL*2). The combinedorganic phase was washed with brine (10 mL*2), dried with anhydrousNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC(FA) to afford3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(10.00 mg, 26.90 umol, 40.82% yield, 96.0% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.50-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.32 (m, 1H),7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.98-7.04 (m, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=5.77 Hz,2H), 2.77 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.03 (m, 2H),1.65-1.87 (m, 3H), 1.28-1.43 (m, 1H), 0.79-0.88 (m, 2H). LCMS: 357[M+1].

Example 18: Preparation of Compound 644

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of 1-tert-butyl 3-ethyl 4-oxopiperidine-1,3-dicarboxylate(10.00 g, 36.86 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (130.00 mL) was added N₂H₄—H₂O(2.77 g, 44.23 mmol, 1.20 eq) in one portion under N₂. The reaction wasstirred at 85° C. for 2 hr. TLC (Petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1)showed the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated invacuum to afford tert-butyl3-hydroxy-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (8.82g, 36.86 mmol, 100.00% yield) as white solid. LCMS: 240 [M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture oftert-butyl-3-hydroxy-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(8.82 g, 36.86 mmol, 1.00 eq) in Py (100.00 mL) was added1,1,1-trifluoro-N-phenyl-N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamideat 10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 12 hours. Themixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (150 mL) and poured into 0.5N HCl (20 mL) and stirred for 1 min.The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL*2). Thecombined organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL*2), dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleum ether/Ethylacetate=5/1) to afford tert-butyl3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(9.16 g, 23.19 mmol, 62.91% yield, 94% purity) as yellow solid. LCMS:372 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(900.00 mg, 2.42 mmol, 1.00 eq) and2-allyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (610.92 mg, 3.64 mmol,1.50 eq) in dioxane (1.00 mL)/H₂O (100.00 uL) was added XPHOS-PD-G2(190.70 mg, 242.37 umol, 0.10 eq) under N₂, followed by K₃PO₄ (1.03 g,4.85 mmol, 2.00 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 16hours. The mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL*3) and water (5 mL), theorganic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography(Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate=10/1 to 1/1) to afford Compound 5 (400.00mg, 1.52 mmol, 62.77% yield) was obtained as yellow oil.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution oftert-butyl-3-allyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(147.06 mg, 189.88 umol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (20.00 mL) was added Pd/C(10%, 0.1 g) under N₂. The suspension was degassed under vacuum andpurged with H₂ several times. The mixture was stirred under H₂ (20 psi)at 15° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was filtrated. The filtrates wasconcentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl3-propyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (110.00mg, crude) as colorless oil.

Preparation of Compound 644

Tert-butyl3-propyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (80.00mg, 301.49 umol, 1.00 eq) was dissolved in DCM (1.00 mL) and TFA (1.60g, 14.03 mmol, 46.52 eq). The mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 0.5 hr.The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM(5.00 mL) and added TEA (122.03 mg, 1.21 mmol, 4.00 eq) followed by asolution of 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (46.30 mg, 301.49 umol, 1.00eq) in DCM (300.00 uL) dropwise at 0° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 10 min. The mixture was extracted with DCM (10mL*2) and H₂O (10 mL). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-propyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(37.00 mg, 112.69 umol, 37.38% yield, 97.1% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ=7.55 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.82 (t, J=5.8Hz, 2H), 2.80 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.63-1.75 (m,2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 319/321 [M+1].

Example 19: Preparation of Compound 642

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of5-tert-butyl-3-ethyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(50.00 g, 169.30 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (200.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 300.00 mL, 7.09 eq) at 15° C. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 15° C. for one hour. Precipitate formed. Evaporated thesolution on a water bath under reduced pressure using a rotaryevaporator to afford ethyl4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate (37.00 g,159.70 mmol, 94.33% yield, HCl) as yellow solid. The crude product wasused in next step directly without further purification.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of ethyl4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate (37.00 g,159.70 mmol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (300.00 mL) was added TEA (48.48 g,479.11 mmol, 3.00 eq) at −10° C., followed by1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (19.62 g, 127.76 mmol, 0.80 eq). Thereaction mixture was stirred at −10° C. for another 30 minutes. TLC(Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=0:1) indicated 5% of compound 2 wasremained, and one major new spot with lower polarity was detected. Themixture was extracted with DCM (800 mL*3) and water (300 mL*2), theorganic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuum to affordethyl-5-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate(52.00 g, crude) as yellow solid. The crude product was used in nextstep directly without further purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of ethyl5-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate(30.00 g, 86.01 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (300.00 mL) was added a solutionof NaOH (6.88 g, 172.02 mmol, 2.00 eq) in H₂O (60.00 mL), the reactionmixture was warmed to 40° C. and stirred at 40° C. for 16 hours. TLC(Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=0:1) showed the reaction was completed.The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to around 5 by addingdiluted hydrochloride acid (1 N), then extracted with EA (500 mL*4) andwater (300 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum to afford5-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylicacid (23.00 g, crude) as light yellow solid. The crude product was usedin next step directly without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d4) 11.48 (t, J=1.94 Hz, 1H) 11.23-11.28 (m, 1H) 11.14-11.21(m, 1H) 10.92-10.98 (m, 1H) 8.71 (s, 2H) 7.78 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H) 6.80(t, J=5.65 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 321/323 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

To a mixture of5-[(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (10.00 g, 31.18 mmol, 1.00 eq) and HATU(11.86 g, 31.18 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DMF (150.00 mL) was added DIPEA (6.04g, 46.77 mmol, 1.50 eq), followed by N-methoxymethanamine (4.56 g, 46.77mmol, 1.50 eq, HCl), the reaction mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 16hours. TLC (Ethyl acetate:Methanol=20:1) indicated compound 4 wasconsumed completely, and one major new spot with lower polarity wasdetected. The mixture was extracted with EA (500 mL*3) and water (300mL*3), the organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. Further purification by silica gelchromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel, Ethyl acetate:Methanol=100:1 to20:1) to affordN⁵-(3-chlorophenyl)-N³-methoxy-N³-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide(8.00 g, 17.59 mmol, 56.42% yield, 80% purity) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) 11.48 (t, J=1.94 Hz, 1H) 11.23-11.28 (m, 1H)11.14-11.21 (m, 1H) 10.92-10.98 (m, 1H) 8.71 (s, 2H) 7.78 (t, J=5.71 Hz,2H) 6.80 (t, J=5.65 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 364/366 [M+1].

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution ofN⁵-(3-chlorophenyl)-N³-methoxy-N³-methyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5(4H)-dicarboxamide(200.00 mg, 549.75 umol, 1.00 eq) in THF (5.00 mL) was addedpropylmagnesium bromide (1 M, 5.50 mL, 10.00 eq) at −10° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 10° C. for 3 hr. The mixture was added intosaturated NH₄Cl (10 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL*2). The combinedorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by column chromatography (PE:EA=30%˜60%) to afford3-butanoyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(85.00 mg, 245.09 umol, 44.58% yield) as white solid.

Preparation of Compound 642

To a solution of3-butanoyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetraHydropyrazolo [4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (40.00 mg, 115.34 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (4.00 mL)was added DAST (74.37 mg, 461.36 umol, 4.00 eq) at −10° C. The mixturewas stirred at 10° C. for 2 hr. The mixture was extracted with DCM (10mL*2) and H₂O (10 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,and filtrated and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,1-difluorobutyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(11.00 mg, 29.68 umol, 25.73% yield, 99.5% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 7.54 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.83 (t, J=5.7Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.54 (qd, J=7.5,15.4 Hz, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 369/371 [M+1].

Example 20: Preparation of Compound 696

Preparation of Compound 695

To a solution of EtMgBr (1 M, 4.12 mL, 5.00 eq) was added a solution ofN⁵-(3-chlorophenyl)-N³-methoxy-N³-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide(300.00 mg, 824.63 umol, 1.00 eq) in THF (5.00 mL) at −10° C. Themixture was stirred at 15° C. for 3 hr. TLC (PE:EA=0:1) showed startingmaterial was remained. EtMgBr (1 M, 4.12 mL, 5.00 eq) was added at −10°C. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 hr. The mixture was quenchedby saturated with NH₄Cl (10 mL) and extracted with EA (20 mL*2). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (PE:EA=0:1)to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-propanoyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(100.00 mg, 287.88 umol, 34.91% yield, 95.8% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ=7.54 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H),7.22-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 3.82 (t, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 3.03 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.12-1.23 (m,3H). LCMS: 333/335[M+1].

Preparation of Compound 696

To a solution ofN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-propanoyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo [4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (60.00 mg, 180.30 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (3.00 mL)was added DAST (145.31 mg, 901.50 umol, 119.11 uL, 5.00 eq) at −40° C.The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 hr. The mixture was extractedwith DCM (10 mL*2). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO₃(10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,1-difluoropropyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (23.00 mg, 64.76 umol, 35.92%yield, 99.9% purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4)δ=7.54 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.28 (m, 1H),7.00-7.05 (m, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.83 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 2.21-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.06 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 355/357[M+1].

Example 21. Preparation of Compound 604

Steps 1 and 2: Preparation of Compounds 2 and 4

2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoic acid (200.00 mg, 1.75 mmol, 1.00 eq) wasdissolved in SOCl₂ (208.46 mg, 1.75 mmol, 127.11 uL, 1.00 eq) and heatedto 8° C. for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to get2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoyl chloride (190.46 mg), compound 2.

A solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (278.95 mg, 1.40mmol, 0.80 eq) in THF (3.00 mL) was added into LiHMDS (1 M, 1.75 mL,1.00 eq) dropwise at −70° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at −70°C. for 0.5 hr. A solution of 2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoyl chloride (190.46mg, obtained above) in THF (2.00 mL) was added dropwise at −70° C. Themixture was stirred at 15° C. for 16 hr. The mixture was quenched byNH₄Cl (10 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL*2). The combined organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated. The filtrates was concentratedin vacuum to afford tert-butyl3-(2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (450.00 mg,crude) as brown oil.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (300.00 mg,1.02 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (2.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (204.24 mg,2.04 mmol, 198.29 uL, 50% purity, 2.00 eq). The mixture was heated to90° C. for 2 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was extractedwith EA (10 mL*2) and H₂O (10 mL). The combined organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and concentrated. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to affordtert-butyl3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(10.00 mg, 34.08 umol, 3.34% yield) as colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) δ 4.52 (brs, H), 3.69 (brs, H), 2.76 (brs, 2H), 1.64 (q,J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.45-1.53 (m, 16H), 1.32 (s, 6H), 0.80 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 604

Tert-butyl3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(10.00 mg, 34.08 umol, 1.00 eq) was dissolved in HCl/dioxane (4 M, 3.00mL, 352.11 eq) and stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. The mixture wasconcentrated and dissolved in DCM (5.00 mL) added phenylN-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (8.44 mg, 34.08 umol, 1.00 eq) followed byTEA (17.24 mg, 170.40 umol, 23.62 uL, 5.00 eq). The mixture was stirredat 15° C. for 16 hr. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixturewas concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA)to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (4.80 mg, 12.90 umol, 37.85% yield, 93.2%purity).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.34 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.80 (t, J=5.8Hz, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.70 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (s, 6H),0.79 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

LCMS: 347/349[M+1].

Example 22. Preparation of Compound 694

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of 1-methylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid (2.00 g, 17.52 mmol,1.00 eq) in DCM (20.00 mL) was added CDI (3.12 g, 19.27 mmol, 1.10 eq)under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. The mixture wasextracted with EA (20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtrated, and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was used in the nextstep directly to afford imidazol-1-yl-(1-methylcyclobutyl)methanone(2.60 g, 15.83 mmol, 90.38% yield) as brown oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of LiHMDS (1 M, 21.92 mL, 1.20 eq) in THF (10.00 mL) wasadded a solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.55 g,12.79 mmol, 0.70 eq) in THF (15.00 mL) under N₂ at −65° C. The mixturewas stirred at −65° C. for 0.5 hr. A solution ofimidazol-1-yl-(1-methylcyclobutyl)methanone (3.00 g, 18.27 mmol, 1.00eq) in THF (15.00 mL) was added at −65° C. dropwise. The solution wasstirred at 15° C. for 16 hr. The mixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl(20 mL) and extracted with EA (20 mL*2). The combined organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford tert-butyl3-(1-methylcyclobutanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (759.10mg, 2.57 mmol, 14.07% yield) as colorless oil.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution oftert-butyl-3-(1-methylcyclobutanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(760.00 mg, 2.57 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (20.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂—H₂O(515.23 mg, 5.15 mmol, 500.22 uL, 50% purity, 2.00 eq). The mixture washeated to 90° C. for 2 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (PE:EA=50%˜100%) to affordtert-butyl 3-(1-methylcyclobutyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (500.00 mg, 1.72 mmol, 66.77% yield) as colorlessoil.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 694

Tert-butyl3-(1-methylcyclobutyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(60.00 mg, 205.91 umol, 1.00 eq) was dissolved in HCl/Dioxane (4 M) andstirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was dissolved in DCM (3.00 mL), then TEA (62.51 mg, 617.73 umol,85.63 uL, 3.00 eq) and 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (31.62 mg, 205.91umol, 24.90 uL, 1.00 eq) was added at −10° C. The mixture was stirred at−10° C. for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-methylcyclobutyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(42.00 mg, 115.71 umol, 56.19% yield, 95.0% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 7.53 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.05 (m, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.81 (t, J=5.8 Hz,2H), 2.81 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.46-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.23 (m, 3H),1.89-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.52 (s, 3H). LCMS: 345/347[M+1].

Example 23: Preparation of Compounds 508 (E and Z) and 0509

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a cooled the three-necked round bottom flask in an ice bath at 0° C.,was added NaH (880.40 mg, 22.01 mmol, 1.30 eq) under N₂, then a solutionof 5-tert-butyl 3-ethyl1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (5.00 g,16.93 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DMF (70.00 mL) was added dropwise. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. PMBCl (2.92 g, 18.62 mmol,1.10 eq) was added dropwise, the reaction mixture was warmed to 10° C.and stirred at 10° C. for another 16 hours. TLC showed starting materialwas consumed completed and two major new spots with lower polarity wasdetected. The reaction was added to water (60 mL) and then extractedwith EA (100 mL*3), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography to afford 5-tert-butyl3-ethyl-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(4.30 g, 7.24 mmol, 42.79% yield, 70% purity) as yellow oil. LCMS: 416[M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

Cooled the three-necked round bottom flask to −50° C., LiAlH₄ (511.50mg, 13.48 mmol, 2.00 eq) was added under N₂, then a solution of5-tert-butyl 3-ethyl1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate(4.00 g, 6.74 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (50.00 mL) was added dropwise, afteraddition the reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C.for 2 hours. TLC showed the reaction was completed, two major new spotwith larger polarity was detected. The reaction mixture was quenchedwith water (5 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with DCM (80mL*3). The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. Tert-butyl3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(2.30 g, crude) was obtained as yellow oil. The crude product was usedin the next step directly without further purification. LCMS: 374 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of tert-butyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1.40 g,3.75 mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (25.00 mL) was added MnO₂ (6.52 g, 75.00mmol, 20.00 eq) in three portions. The reaction mixture was warmed to60° C. and stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. LCMS showed starting materialwas consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected.The mixture was filtered to remove MnO₂. The filtrate was extracted withDCM (30 mL*3) and water (20 mL). The organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography to affordtert-butyl-3-formyl-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(750.00 mg, 2.02 mmol, 53.85% yield) as yellow oil.

LCMS: 372 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a mixture of triphenyl(propyl)phosphonium; bromide (1.24 g, 3.23mmol, 4.00 eq) in THF (1.00 mL) was added t-BuOK (362.52 mg, 3.23 mmol,4.00 eq) under N₂ at 0° C., the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C.for one hour, then a solution oftertbutyl-3-formyl-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (300.00 mg, 807.69 umol, 1.00 eq) in THF (2.00mL) was added dropwise under N₂, the mixture was warmed to 10° C. andstirred at 10° C. for 16 hours. LCMS showed compound 4 was consumedcompletely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The mixturewas extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3) and water (5 mL). The organic phasewas dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to affordtert-butyl-3-[but-1-enyl]-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(200.00 mg, 503.13 umol, 62.29% yield) as yellow oil. LCMS: 398 [M+1].

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 6

Tert-butyl-3-[but-1-enyl]-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (50.00 mg, 125.78 umol, 1.00 eq) wasdissolved in TFA (2.00 mL). The mixture was heated to 80° C. for 16hours. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuum to afford3-[but-1-enyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (20.00 mg,112.83 umol, 89.71% yield) as brown oil. The residue was used in thenext step directly. LCMS: 178 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 508 (E and Z)

To a solution of3-[but-1-enyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (20.00 mg,112.83 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (3.00 mL) was added TEA (34.25 mg, 338.49umol, 3.00 eq) at 0° C., followed by 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene(17.33 mg, 112.83 umol, 1.00 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C. for 30 minutes. LCMS showed compound 6 was consumed completely andone main peak with desired MS was detected. The mixture was extractedwith DCM (10 mL*3) and water (5 mL), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Purification byprep-HPLC (FA) gave both E-isomer and Z-isomer.

3-[(E)-but-1-enyl]-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(2.00 mg, 5.92 umol, 5.25% yield, 98.0% purity) was obtained as whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) 7.52 (brs, 1H), 7.29 (brs, 1H),7.23-7.25 (d, 1H), 7.00-7.02 (d, 1H), 6.33-6.37 (m, J=16 Hz, 1H),6.17-6.21 (m, 1H), 4.61 (brs, 2H), 3.81 (brs, 2H), 2.79 (brs, 2H), 2.27(brs, 2H), 1.12 (brs, 3H). LCMS: 331/333 [M+1].

3-[(Z)-but-1-enyl]-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(16.00 mg, 47.83 umol, 42.39% yield, 98.9% purity) was obtained as whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) 7.52 (brs, 1H), 7.28-7.30 (m, 1H),7.20-7.24 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.00 (d, 1H), 6.15-6.18 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H),5.79-5.80 (d, 1H), 4.49 (brs, 2H), 3.81 (brs, 2H), 2.81 (brs, 2H), 2.32(brs, 2H), 1.03-1.05 (m, 3H). LCMS: 331/333 [M+1].

Step 7: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of tert-butyl-3-[but-1-enyl]-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (50.00 mg,125.78 umol, 1.00 eq) in CH₃OH (10.00 mL) was added Pd/C (10.00 mg)under N₂, the suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H₂three times, the mixture was stirred under H₂ (15 psi) at 15° C. for 16hours. LCMS showed starting material was consumed completely and onemain peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture wasfiltered and the filter was concentrated. Compoundtert-butyl-3-butyl-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(45.00 mg, 112.63 umol, 89.54% yield) was obtained as yellow oil. Thecrude product was used in the next step directly without furtherpurification. LCMS: 400 [M+1].

Step 8: Preparation of Compound 8

Tert-butyl-3-butyl-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(45.00 mg, 112.63 umol, 1.00 eq) was dissolved in TFA (3.00 mL), thereaction mixture was warmed to 75° C. and stirred at 75° C. for 16hours. LCMS showed that the Boc was removed and the PMB preserved. Thereaction mixture was warmed to 80° C. and stirred at 80° C. for another16 hours. Several new peaks were shown on LCMS and 50% of desiredcompound was detected. Removed the solvent on a rotary evaporator toafford 3-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (18.00 mg,crude) as black brown oil. The crude product was used in the next stepwithout further purification. LCMS: 180 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 509

To a solution of 3-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(18.00 mg, 100.41 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added TEA (30.48mg, 301.23 umol, 3.00 eq) at 0° C., followed by1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (15.42 mg, 100.41 umol, 1.00 eq). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. LCMS showedcompound 8 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS wasdetected. The mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL*3) and water (10mL), the organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. Further purification by prep-HPLC(FA) affordedCompound 509 (20.00 mg, 58.89 umol, 58.65% yield, 98% purity) as whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 7.52-7.53 (t, J=1.94 Hz, 1H), 7.29(m, 1H), 7.21-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.01 (m, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.78-3.81(t, J=5.83 Hz, 2 H), 2.76-2.79 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H), 2.60-2.64 (t, J=7.65Hz, 2H), 1.59-1.65 (q, J=7.65 Hz, 2H), 1.34-1.40 (dq, J=14.98, 7.39 Hz,2H), 0.93-0.97 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 333/335 [M+1].

Example 24: Preparation of Compounds 693 and 734

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (6.00 g, 53.51 mmol,1.00 eq) in DCM (20.00 mL) was added catalytic amount of DMF. (COCl)₂(10.19 g, 80.26 mmol, 1.50 eq) was added dropwise at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for one hour. TLC monitored that startingmaterial was consumed completely by quenching with MeOH. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo on a rotary evaporator. The residuewas purified by distillation (bp 120-125° C. 50 mm Hg) to givecyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride (4.10 g, 31.40 mmol, 58.68% yield)as colorless oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

A three-necked round bottom flask was cooled to −78° C., a solution oftert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.82 g, 19.15 mmol, 1.00 eq)in THF (15.00 mL) was added dropwise to LiHMDS (1 M, 22.98 mL, 1.20 eq)under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for one hour underN₂. Then, cyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl chloride (2.50 g, 19.15 mmol, 1.00eq) was added dropwise. After addition the reaction mixture was warmedto 25° C. and stirred at 25° C. for another 2 hours. TLC showed startingmaterial was consumed completely. Several new peaks were shown on LCMSand 20% of desired compound was detected. The reaction mixture was addedto saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (40 mL) and then extracted with EA (80 mL*3).The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl3-(cyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (4.20 g,crude) as yellow oil. The crude product was used in the next stepdirectly without further purification. LCMS: 294 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution oftert-butyl-3-(cyclopent-3-ene-1-carbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(7.00 g, 23.86 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (15.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O(2.11 g, 35.79 mmol, 1.50 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to 60° C.and stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. TLC indicated starting material wasconsumed completely and many new spots formed. The mixture was extractedwith EA (50 mL*3) and water (20 mL*2), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography to give tert-butyl3-cyclopent-3-en-1-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(4.50 g, 12.44 mmol, 52.14% yield, 80% purity) as yellow solid. LCMS:290 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution oftert-butyl-3-cyclopent-3-en-1-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo [4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (500.00 mg, 1.73 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (3.00mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 10.00 mL, 23.12 eq). The reactionmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 minutes. TLC showed startingmaterial was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered andthe filtrate was washed with dioxane (15 mL*3) to give3-cyclopent-3-en-1-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(320.00 mg, 1.42 mmol, 81.95% yield, HCl) as light yellow solid. Thecrude product was used in the next step directly without furtherpurification.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) 5.82-5.86 (s, 2H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.75(tt, J=9.22, 6.02 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.63 (t, J=6.34 Hz, 2H), 3.18-3.20 (t,J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 2.90-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.55 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 693

To a mixture of3-cyclopent-3-en-1-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine(120.00 mg, 531.63 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added TEA(161.39 mg, 1.59 mmol, 3.00 eq) at 0° C., followed by1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (48.99 mg, 318.98 umol, 0.60 eq), thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. LCMS showedcompound 6 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS wasdetected. The mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL*3) and water (10mL), the organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) toafford Compound 693 (35.00 mg, 97.70 umol, 18.38% yield, 95.7% purity)as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) 7.51-7.52 (t, J=1.94 Hz,1H), 7.28-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.01 (d, J=7.78 Hz, 1H),5.78-5.82 (m, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.77-3.80 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.57(m, 1H), 2.76-2.81 (dt, J=11.51, 5.85 Hz, 4H), 2.50-2.54 (dd, J=14.12,7.47 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 343/345 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 734

To a solution ofN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopent-3-en-1-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(80.00 mg, 233.36 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added Et₂Zn (1 M,1.17 mL, 5.00 eq) dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for30 min. A solution of ClCH₂I (246.99 mg, 1.40 mmol, 6.00 eq) in DCM(500.00 uL) was added dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 1° C.for 1 hr. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixture wasquenched by saturated NH₄Cl (10 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL*2). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated and concentratedin vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to afford3-(3-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(12.00 mg, 31.07 umol, 13.31% yield, 92.4% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ=7.54 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.34 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.05 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.77-3.83 (m, 2H),3.47-3.58 (m, 1H), 2.78 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.42 (m, 2H), 1.93 (dd,J=5.2, 13.5 Hz, 2H), 1.38-1.47 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.66 (m, 1H), 0.16-0.46 (m,1H). LCMS: 357/359 [M+1].

Example 25: Preparation of Compound 827

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of methyl cyclopentanecarboxylate (6.40 g, 49.93 mmol,1.00 eq) in THF (40.00 mL) was added LDA (2 M, 29.96 mL, 1.20 eq) at 0°C. under N₂, followed by MeI (8.50 g, 59.92 mmol, 3.73 mL, 1.20 eq)after 0.5 h. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1.5 h. TLC showed twomajor new spots. The mixture was quenched with NH₄Cl (saturated, 120 mL)and extracted with EA (120 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford methyl1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylate (7.20 g, crude), which was used directlyfor the next step.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of methyl 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylate (3.60 g, 25.32mmol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (30.00 mL)/H₂O (6.00 mL) was added NaOH (1.52 g,37.98 mmol, 1.50 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to 70° C. andstirred at 70° C. for 2 hours. TLC indicated starting material wasconsumed completely. The reaction mixture was extracted with DCM (20 mL)and water (10 mL*2). The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to around6 by adding diluted hydrochloride acid (1 N, 5 mL), then extracted withDCM (20 mL*4). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silicagel chromatography to afford 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (2.10g, 16.38 mmol, 64.71% yield) as yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)11.92 (brs, 1H), 1.97-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.61 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.38 (m,2H), 1.14 (s, 3H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (400.00 mg, 3.12mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (10.00 mL) was added CDI (556.65 mg, 3.43 mmol,1.10 eq) at 0° C. under N₂, the reaction mixture was warmed to 30° C.and stirred at 30° C. for one hour. TLC showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL*3) and water (10mL*2). The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum to afford imidazol-1-yl-(1-methylcyclopentyl)methanone (510.00 mg, crude) as yellow oil. The crudeproduct was used in the next step without further purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

At −78° C., to LiHMDS (1 M, 4.01 mL, 1.40 eq) was added a solution oftert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (456.12 mg, 2.29 mmol, 0.80 eq)in THF (10.00 mL) dropwise under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at−78° C. for one hour under N₂. A solution ofimidazol-1-yl-(1-methylcyclopentyl)methanone (510.00 mg, 2.86 mmol, 1.00eq) in THF (10.00 mL) was added dropwise. After addition, the reactionmixture was warmed to 30° C. and stirred at 30° C. for another 2 hours.TLC showed compound 5 was consumed completely. The reaction mixture wasadded to saturated aqueous of NH₄Cl (30 mL) and then extracted with EA(50 mL*3), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl3-(1-methylcyclopentanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (730.00mg, crude) as yellow oil. The crude product was used in the next stepdirectly without purification.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(1-methylcyclopentanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (500.00mg, 1.62 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (10.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (124.03mg, 2.11 mmol, 120.42 uL, 85% purity, 1.30 eq), the reaction mixture waswarmed to 60° C. and stirred at 60° C. for 30 minutes. Several new peakswere shown on LCMS and 25% of the desired compound was detected. Themixture was extracted with EA (20 mL*3) and water (20 mL), the organicphase was washed with water (20 mL), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silicagel chromatography, further purification by prep-TLC to affordtert-butyl-3-(1-methylcyclopentyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(31.00 mg, 101.50 umol, 6.27% yield) as yellow oil. LCMS: 306 [M+1].

Step 6: Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(1-methylcyclopentyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (31.00 mg, 81.20 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (1.00mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 1.00 mL, 49.26 eq). The reaction mixturewas stirred at 30° C. for 3 hours. TLC showed starting material wasconsumed completely. Evaporated the solution on a water bath underreduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to afford3-(1-methylcyclopentyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine(13.00 mg, 53.77 umol, 66.22% yield, HCl) as yellow oil. The crudeproduct was used in the next step directly without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 827

To a mixture of3-(1-methylcyclopentyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine(13.00 mg, 43.02 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added TEA(13.06 mg, 129.05 umol, 17.89 uL, 3.00 eq), followed by phenylN-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (10.65 mg, 43.02 umol, 1.00 eq). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 5 hours. LCMS showed thestarting material was consumed completely and one main peak with desiredMS was detected. The mixture was extracted with DCM (15 mL*3) and water(10 mL). The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) toafford Compound 827 (5.16 mg, 14.14 umol, 32.86% yield, 98.32% purity)as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) 7.51-7.52 (t, J=2.01 Hz,1H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.02 (m, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H),3.77-3.80 (t, J=5.83 Hz, 2H), 2.77-2.80 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 2H), 2.01-2.03(t, J=7.09 Hz, 2H), 1.73-1.81 (m, 6H), 1.29 (s, 3H). LCMS: 359/361[M+1].

Example 26: Preparation of Compound 700

Steps 1 and 2: Preparation of Compounds 2 and 4

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.59 g, 12.98mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20.00 mL) was added CDI (2.32 g, 14.28 mmol, 1.10eq) under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. The mixturewas extracted with DCM (20 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). The organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated and concentrated in vacuum to gave a crude(1H-imidazol-1-yl) (1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)methanone.

A solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.59 g, 12.98mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (15.00 mL) was added to LiHMDS (1 M, 16.87 mL,1.30 eq) dropwise at −70° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at −70°C. for 0.5 hr.(1H-imidazol-1-yl)(1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)methanone preparedabove was dissolved in THF (5.00 mL) and added to reaction mixture at−70° C. Then the resulting mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 16 hr. Themixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl (20 mL) and extracted with EA(50 mL*2). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated.The filtrates was concentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl4-oxo-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate(3.30 g, crude) as brown oil.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of tert-butyl4-oxo-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate(3.30 g, 9.84 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (30.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O(985.18 mg, 19.68 mmol, 956.49 uL, 2.00 eq). The solution was heated at90° C. for 16 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum and extractedwith EA (20 mL*2). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄. Theresidue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to afford tert-butyl3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(200.00 mg, 603.63 umol, 6.13% yield) as brown oil.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

Tert-butyl3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(50.00 mg, 150.91 umol, 1.00 eq) was treated with HCl/dioxane (4 M,37.73 uL, 1.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. TLC(PE:EA=0:1) showed the reaction was completed. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuum to afford3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (45.00 mg, 147.96 umol, 98.04% yield, 2HCl) as brownsolid.

Preparation of Compound 700

To a solution of3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(45.90 mg, 150.92 umol, 1.00 eq, 2HCl) in DCM (8.00 mL) was added phenylN-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (37.38 mg, 150.92 umol, 1.00 eq) and TEA(61.09 mg, 603.68 umol, 83.68 uL, 4.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at15° C. for 16 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(25.00 mg, 63.93 umol, 42.36% yield, 98.4% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 7.54 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.34 (m, 1H),7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.05 (m, 1H), 4.61 (brs, 3H), 3.83 (t, J=5.8 Hz,2H), 2.84 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (brs, 2H), 1.18 (brs, 2H). LCMS:385/387[M+1]

Example 27: Preparation of Compound 446

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

A mixture of tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid (8.00 g, 68.90 mmol, 1.00eq) in SOCl₂ (80.00 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 1 hour. TLC showed thereaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to givetetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl chloride (8.90 g, 66.14 mmol, 96.00% yield)as light yellow oil, which was used directly for next step.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a mixture of LiHMDS (1 M, 65.25 mL, 1.30 eq) in THF (100 mL) at −60°C. under N₂, then tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (10.00 g,50.19 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (25 mL) was added portion-wise at −60° C.under N₂. The mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 30 min. Thentetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl chloride (8.78 g, 65.25 mmol, 1.30 eq) in THF(25 mL) was added dropwise at −60° C. The mixture was stirred at 15° C.for 2.5 hr under N₂ atmosphere. TLC and LCMS showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl (200 mL) andextracted with EA (50 mL*3). The combined organic phase was dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to givetert-butyl4-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate(15.60 g, crude) as a yellow oil. LCMS: 298 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

A mixture of tert-butyl4-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (15.50 g,52.13 mmol, 1.00 eq), NH₂NH₂.H₂O (6.14 g, 104.25 mmol, 2.00 eq) in EtOH(150.00 mL) was degassed and purged with N₂ for 3 times, and then themixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hour under N₂ atmosphere. LCMS andTLC showed the reaction was completed. The mixture was poured into HCl(0.5N 200 mL) and stirred for 5 min. The aqueous phase was extractedwith ethyl acetate (100 mL*3). The combined organic phase was washedwith brine (200 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by columnchromatography (SiO2, Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate=100/1 to 1/1) togive tert-butyl3-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(6.00 g, 20.45 mmol, 39.23% yield) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) ppm 4.42 (brs, 2H), 4.03 (dt, J=5.46, 8.19 Hz, 2H),3.82-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.69 (brs, 2H), 3.39-3.48 (m, 1H), 2.73 (t, J=5.71Hz, 2H), 2.27-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.53 (m, 11H). LCMS:294 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture oftert-butyl-3-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (6.00 g, 20.45 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (20.00mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 40.00 mL, 7.82 eq), and then the mixturewas stirred at 15° C. for 1 hour. TLC showed the reaction was completed.The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give3-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(4.50 g, 19.59 mmol, 95.79% yield, HCl) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (300MHz, METHANOL-d₄) ppm 4.38 (s, 1H), 4.09 (dt, J=4.62, 8.52 Hz, 1H),3.96-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.70 (d, J=2.07Hz, 1H), 3.58-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.31 (td, J=1.67, 3.25 Hz, 1H), 3.20 (t,J=6.31 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (dd, J=4.14, 8.48 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (dd, J=5.46, 7.54Hz, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 446

A mixture of3-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(80.00 mg, 348.27 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl), TEA (70.48 mg, 696.53 umol, 2.00eq), 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene (48.13 mg, 313.44 umol, 0.90 eq) inDCM (5.00 mL) was degassed and purged with N₂ for 3 times, and then themixture was stirred at 15° C. for 1 hour under N₂ atmosphere. LCMSshowed the reaction was completed. The mixture was poured into water (10mL) and stirred at 5 min. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (5 mL*3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum.The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to giveN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(30.00 mg, 85.38 umol, 24.51% yield, 98.7% purity) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) ppm 7.52 (t, J=1.94 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.32 (m,1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.00 (td, J=0.93, 7.81 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H),4.00-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.87 (q, J=7.95 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.82 (m, 3H), 3.50 (t,J=7.91 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (t, J=5.71 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.17(m, 1H). LCMS: 347/349 [M+1].

Example 28: Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 660, 661, 662, 663,664, 665, 666, 667, 668, and 669

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

At −78° C., to LiHMDS (1 M, 24.10 mL, 1.20 eq) was added a solution oftert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (4.00 g, 20.08 mmol, 1.00 eq)in THF (50.00 mL) dropwise under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at−78° C. for one hour under N₂. Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride (2.38 g,20.08 mmol, 1.00 eq) was added dropwise. After addition, the reactionmixture was warmed to 20° C. and stirred at 20° C. for another 2 hours.Several new peaks were shown on LCMS and 20% of desired compound wasdetected. The reaction mixture was added to aqueous solution of NH₄Cl(100 mL) and then neutralised by dilute hydrochloric acid (1 N), theaqueous layer was extracted with EA (200 mL*3), the combined organicphase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuum to afford tert-butyl3-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (5.00 g, crude)as yellow oil. The crude product was used in the next step directlywithout purification.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (5.00 g, 17.77mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (50.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (2.09 g, 35.54mmol, 2.00 eq) dropwise, the reaction mixture was warmed to 60° C. andstirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. LCMS showed starting material wasconsumed completely. Several new peaks were shown on LCMS and 50% ofdesired compound was detected. Removed the solvent on a rotaryevaporator, the mixture was extracted with EA (80 mL*3) and water (50mL*2). The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gelchromatography to afford tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(3.20 g, 9.23 mmol, 51.94% yield, 80% purity) as yellow oil.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution oftert-butyl-3-cyclobutyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(2.70 g, 9.73 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (10.00 mL) was added HCl/dioxane(4 M, 25.00 mL, 10.28 eq) at 30° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at30° C. for one hour. Precipitate formed. TLC showed starting materialwas consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered and thefiltrate cake was washed with dioxane (15 mL*2) to afford3-cyclobutyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine (2.00 g,9.36 mmol, 96.18% yield, HCl) as light yellow solid. The crude productwas used in the next step directly without further purification. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.78 (m, J=9.03 Hz, 1H), 3.62-3.66(m, 2H), 3.16-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.39 (m, 2H),2.12-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.06 (m, 1H).

General Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 660 Through 669

General Procedure I:

To a solution of amine (1 eq) and TEA (10 eq.) in 1.5 mL of dry THF, asolution of triphosgene (0.45 eq) in 0.5 mL dry THF was added. Theresulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 hr and TLC showed amine wasconsumed completely. Then a mixture of compound 5 (1 eq) in 1 mL of dryTHF was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 30° C. for 8hr. LC-MS showed the reaction was completed. The solution wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue waspurified by pre-HPLC (FA or Base) to afford the desired products.

General Procedure II:

To a stirred solution of amine (1.2 eq) and phenyl carbonochloridate(1.2 eq) in 2 mL of dry DCM was added a solution of Py (3 eq). Themixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 hr and TLC showed amine was consumedcompletely. The mixture was quenched with water (15 mL) and extractedwith DCM (15 mL). The combined organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DMSO (3 mL).Compound 5 (1 eq), TEA (3 eq.) was added and stirred at 40° C. for 8 hr.LC-MS showed reaction was completed. The solution was purified bypre-HPLC (FA or Base) to afford the desired product.

Comp. ID (Prepared Structure Method) Analytical Data

660 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 350/352

661 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 311

662 (I) LCMS (M + 1): 393/395

0663 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 375/377

664 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 394/396 1H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ = 8.03(d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.83 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.61 (brs, 2 H), 3.84(t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.60 (quin, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.82 (t, J = 5.7 Hz,2 H), 2.34 (td, J = 8.7, 17.6 Hz, 4 H), 2.05-2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.86-2.01(m, 1 H)

665 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 349/351 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 12.30 (s, 1H),8.79 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.30 (d, J =9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.71-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.42 (m, 1H),2.65-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.21 (m, 4H), 1.96-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.83 (m,1H).

666 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 329

667 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 393/395

668 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 340

669 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 333 1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 12.34 (s, 1H), 8.80(s, 1H), 7.65-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.35 (m, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 3.71- 3.47(m, 1H), 2.68-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.26- 2.24 (m, 4H), 2.21-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.94 (m, 1H).

Example 29: Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 648, 649, 650, 651,652, 653, 654, 655, 656, and 657

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

A mixture of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (20.00 g, 100.38mmol, 1.00 eq), (15.73 g, 130.49 mmol, 1.30 eq) in THF (20 mL) was addedto LiHMDS (1 M, 130.49 mL, 1.30 eq) portion-wise at −60° C. under N₂.The mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 30 min. 2,2-dimethylpropanoylchloride (15.73 g, 130.49 mmol, 1.30 eq) in THF (20 mL) was addeddropwise at −60° C. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2.5 hr. TLCshowed the reaction was completed. The mixture was quenched by saturatedNH₄Cl (80 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL*3). The combined organicphase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuum to givetert-butyl3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(33.29 g, crude) as a yellow oil, which was used directly for next step.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of tert-butyl3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (33.29 g,117.48 mmol, 1.00 eq), N₂H₄.H₂O (11.76 g, 234.96 mmol, 2.00 eq) in EtOH(350.00 mL) was degassed and purged with N₂ for 3 times, and then themixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hour under N₂ atmosphere. LCMSshowed the reaction was completed. The mixture was poured into HCl (0.5N, 500 mL) and stirred at 5 min. The aqueous phase was extracted withethyl acetate (200 mL*3). The combined organic phase was washed withbrine (500 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedin vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO₂,Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate=100/1 to 1/1) and checked by LCMS andHPLC, the desired product was impurity. The impure desired product waspurified by Prep-HPLC (FA) to give tert-butyl3-tert-butyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(4.00 g, 14.32 mmol, 12.19% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d₄) ppm 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 2H), 1.46-1.50 (m,9H), 1.32 (s, 9H). LCMS: 280 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

A mixture oftert-butyl3-tert-butyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(4.00 g, 14.32 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (30.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 30.00 mL, 8.38 eq), and then the mixture was stirredat 15° C. for 2 hour. TLC showed the reaction was completed. The mixturewas concentrated in vacuum to give3-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo [4,3-c]pyridine (2.60 g,12.05 mmol, 84.17% yield, HCl) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d₄) ppm 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.59-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.21 (s, 2H), 1.43 (s,9H).

General Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 648 Through 0657

General Procedure I:

To a solution of amine (1 eq) and TEA (10 eq) in 1.5 mL of dry THF, asolution of triphosgene (0.45 eq) in 0.5 mL dry THF was added. Theresulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 hr and TLC showed amine wasconsumed completely. Then Compound 5 (1 eq) in 1 mL of dry THF wasadded. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 30° C. for 8 hr.LC-MS showed the reaction was completed. The solution was concentratedunder reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified bypre-HPLC (FA or Base) to afford the desired products.

General Procedure II:

To a stirred solution of amine (1.2 eq) and phenyl carbonochloridate(1.2 eq) in 2 mL of dry DCM was added a solution of Py (3 eq.). Themixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 hr and TLC showed amine was consumedcompletely. The mixture was quenched with water (15 mL) and extractedwith DCM (15 mL). The combined organic phase was dried with Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DMSO (3 mL).Compound 5 (1 eq), TEA (3 eq) was added and stirred at 40° C. for 8 hr.LC-MS showed reaction was completed. The solution was purified bypre-HPLC (FA or Base) to afford the desired product.

Comp. ID (Prepared Structure Method) Analytical Data

648 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 335

649 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 352/354

650 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 351/353 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 8.80 (s,1 H) 7.73 (dd, J = 6.96, 2.57 Hz, 1 H) 7.37-7.46 (m, 1 H) 7.23-7.33 (m,1 H) 4.54 (s, 2 H) 3.67 (t, J = 5.46 Hz, 2 H) 2.66-2.68 (m, 2 H)2.30-2.34 (m, 2 H) 1.27 (s, 9 H)

651 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 377/379

652 (I) LCMS (M + 1): 395/397

653 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 395/397

654 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 331

655 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 313 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.1 (s, 1H),8.55 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.26-7.24 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.09 (t,J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.76 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.70- 3.67(t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

656 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 342

657 (II) LCMS (M + 1): 342

Example 30: Preparation of Compounds 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788,789, 790, 791, and 792

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of ethyl 3-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate (10.00 g, 58.07mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (100.00 mL) was added 4-bromobenzenesulfonylchloride (22.26 g, 87.11 mmol, 1.50 eq) under N₂. The mixture wasstirred at 15° C. for 16 hr. TLC (PE:EA=3:1) showed the reaction wasnearly completed. The mixture was extracted with DCM (200 mL) andsaturated NaHCO₃ (80 mL). The organic layer was washed with 1N HCl (50mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (PE:EA=0%˜10%) to afford ethyl3-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyloxycyclohexanecarboxylate (20.00 g, 51.11 mmol,88.02% yield) as colorless oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of ethyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyloxycyclohexanecarboxylate (20.00 g, 51.11 mmol, 1.00 eq) in t-BuOH (200.00 mL) wasadded a solution of t-BuOK (7.46 g, 66.44 mmol, 1.30 eq) in t-BuOH(60.00 mL) dropwise under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1.0hr. TLC (PE:EA=20:1) showed the reaction was completed. The mixture wasextracted with DCM (200 mL*3) and H₂O (100 mL). The combined organiclayer was washed saturated NaCl (80 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated,and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by columnchromatography (PE:EA 0%˜1%) to afford ethyl bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate (4.80 g, 31.13 mmol, 60.90% yield) as colorlessoil.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of ethyl bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate (2.00 g, 12.97mmol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (20.00 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (778.16mg, 19.45 mmol, 1.50 eq) in H₂O (8.00 mL). The mixture was stirred at70° C. for 3 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. pH of theresidue was adjusted to 6 and the mixture was extracted with DCM (50mL*3). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated andconcentrated. The residue was used in the next step directly to affordbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid (1.40 g, crude) as brown oil.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid (2.40 g, 19.02mmol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (24.00 mL) was added di(imidazol-1-yl)methanone(3.39 g, 20.92 mmol, 1.10 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 3hr. The mixture was extracted with DCM (80 mL*2) and H₂O (50 mL). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated andconcentrated. The residue was used in the next step directly to afford1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl(imidazol-1-yl)-methanone (2.40 g, 13.62 mmol,71.61% yield) as brown oil.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of LiHMDS (1 M, 16.34 mL, 1.20 eq) in THF (5.00 mL) wasadded a solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.71 g,13.62 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20.00 mL) under N₂ at −65° C. The mixturewas stirred at −65° C. for 0.5 hr. A solution of1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl(imidazol-1-yl)methanone (2.40 g, 13.62 mmol,1.00 eq) in THF (20.00 mL) was added at −65° C. dropwise. The solutionwas stirred at 15° C. for 16 hr. The reaction was quenched by saturatedNH₄Cl (30 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL*3). The combined organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated and concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA:10%˜100%) to affordtert-butyl3-(bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.30g, 4.94 mmol, 36.26% yield, 66% purity) as colorless oil.

Step 6: Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution oftert-butyl-3-(bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carbonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(2.30 g, 7.48 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (15.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O(1.50 g, 14.97 mmol, 1.45 mL, 50% purity, 2.00 eq). The mixture washeated to 90° C. for 3 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL*3) and H₂O (50 mL). The organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (PE:EA=20%˜100%) to affordtert-butyl-3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(1.90 g, 6.26 mmol, 83.69% yield) as brown oil.

Step 7: Preparation of Compound 10

Tert-butyl-3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(1.30 g, 4.28 mmol, 1.00 eq) was dissolved in HCl/dioxane (4 M, 20.00mL, 18.69 eq) and stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr. The mixture was filtrated.The solid was collected and dried to afford3-(1-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(950.00 mg, crude, 2HCl) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4)δ 4.40 (brs, 2H), 3.53-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.21 (brs, 1H), 2.12-2.21 (m, 1H),1.87-2.08 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.43 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 1.13(brs, 1H), 1.03 (brs, 1H).

General Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 648 Through 657

To a solution of amine (1.00 eq) in DCM (2.00 mL) were added TEA (2.00eq) and phenyl carbonochloridate (1.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at25° C. for 2 hr. To a solution of compound 10 (60.00 mg, 1.00 eq, HCl)and TEA (2.00 eq) in DCM (2.00 mL) were added above reaction mixture.The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 20 hr. LC-MS showed the reactionwas completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to afford the desired product.

Structure Comp. ID Analytical Data

782 LCMS (M + 1): 376/378 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ ppm 8.02 (d, J= 5.52 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (t, J = 5.65 Hz, 1 H), 4.56-4.65 (m, 2 H), 3.82(t, J = 5.90 Hz, 2 H), 2.80 (t, J = 5.77 Hz, 2 H), 2.04-2.14 (m, 1 H),1.90-2.02 (m, 2 H), 1.83 (dd, J = 12.42, 7.91 Hz, 1 H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.43 (m, 1 H), 0.77-0.90 (m, 2 H).

783 LCMS (M + 1): 337

784 LCMS (M + 1): 419/421

785 LCMS (M + 1): 401/403

786 LCMS (M + 1): 366

787 LCMS (M + 1): 375/377 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) ppm 7.58 (dd, J= 6.53, 2.51 Hz, 1 H), 7.25-7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.14 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H),4.56 (s, 2 H), 3.78 (t, J = 5.77 Hz, 2 H), 2.76 (t, J = 5.65 Hz, 2 H),2.04-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.90-2.03 (m, 2 H), 1.83 (dd, J = 12.17, 7.91 Hz, 1H), 1.64-1.77 (m, 2 H), 1.33 (m, 1 H), 0.77-0.90 (m, 2 H).

788 LCMS (M + 1): 355

789 LCMS (M + 1): 419/421

790 LCMS (M + 1): 366

791 LCMS (M + 1): 420/422

792 LCMS (M + 1): 359

Example 31: Preparation of Compound 440

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

A mixture of3-bromo-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(1.07 g, 3.00 mmol, 1.00 eq), potassium trifluoro(vinyl)borate (602.78mg, 4.50 mmol, 1.50 eq), Pd₂(dba)₃ (137.36 mg, 150.00 umol, 0.05 eq),XPhos (143.02 mg, 300.00 umol, 0.10 eq) and Na₂CO₃ (699.53 mg, 6.60mmol, 2.20 eq) in dioxane (40.00 mL) and H₂O (6.00 mL) was degassed andpurged with N₂ for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100° C.for 8 hours under N₂ atmosphere. TLC indicated the reactant wasconsumed, and a major new spot formed. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated, extracted with EA (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueouslayer was extracted with EA (20 mL*2). The combined organic layer waswashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, Petroleumether/Ethyl acetate=3/1 to 1:1, then DCM:MeOH 50:1 to 20:1) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-vinyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(435.97 mg, 1.44 mmol, 48.00% yield) as yellow solid.

Preparation of Compound 440

A mixture of N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-vinyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (100.00 mg, 330.29 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM(2.00 mL) was degassed and purged with N₂ for 3 times, and then ZnEt₂ (1M, 1.65 mL, 5.00 eq) was added dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirredfor 30 min. Chloro(iodo)methane (291.28 mg, 1.65 mmol, 5.00 eq) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 1 hr under N₂ atmosphere.LCMS showed material was consumed completely. The mixture was pouredinto saturated NH₄Cl (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL*2),the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(7.87 mg, 24.40 umol, 7.39% yield, 98.21% purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=7.72 Hz,1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 2.77 (t, J=5.65 Hz, 2H), 1.84 (brs,1H), 0.94 (d, J=6.59 Hz, 2H), 0.81 (d, J=3.77 Hz, 2H). LCMS: 317/319[M+1].

Example 32: Preparation of Compounds 742 and 743

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of tert-butyl3-bromo-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(200.00 mg, 462.50 umol, 1.00 eq) and cyclopent-2-en-1-one (56.96 mg,693.75 umol, 1.50 eq) in DMF (2.00 mL) were addedN-cyclohexyl-N-methylcyclohexanamine (135.52 mg, 693.75 umol, 1.50 eq)and Ad₂nBuP Biphenyl (9.28 mg, 13.88 umol, 0.03 eq). The mixture wasstirred at 100° C. for 16 hr under N₂ protection. LCMS showed startingmaterial remained and desired product and multiply peaks were detected.The mixture was poured into water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate(10 mL*3), the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel,eluting with Petroleum ether/Ethyl acetate=50:1, 10:1) to affordtert-butyl 3-(3-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(55.00 mg, 126.84 umol, 27.42% yield) as colorless oil. LCMS: 434 [M+1].

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(3-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(300.00 mg, 691.85 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (4.00 mL) was added DIBAL-H(146.54 mg, 1.04 mmol, 1.50 eq) at −78° C. under N₂ protection. Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hr. TLC (Petroleum ether/ethylacetate=3:1) showed material was consumed completely, and a major newspot detected. The mixture was poured into water (10 mL), extracted withethyl acetate 10 mL*3). The combined organic layer was dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated. The residue was purified bychromatography (silica gel, eluting with Petroleum ether/ethylacetate=10:1, 5:1, 3:1) to afford tert-butyl3-(3-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (180.00 mg,413.19 umol, 59.72% yield) as colorless oil.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(3-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(120.00 mg, 275.46 umol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (10.00 mL) was added Pd—C(10%, 25 mg) under N₂. The suspension was degassed under vacuum andpurged with H₂ several times. The mixture was stirred under H₂ (45 psi)at 50° C. for 16 hours. LCMS showed the material was consumedcompletely, and major desired MS detected. The reaction mixture wasfiltered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford tert-butyl3-(3-hydroxycyclopentyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(100.00 mg, 228.49 umol, 82.95% yield) as colorless oil, which was useddirectly in the next step. LCMS: 438 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of tert-butyl3-(3-hydroxycyclopentyl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (180.00 mg,411.29 umol, 1.00 eq) in HCl/dioxane (4 M, 5.00 mL, 48.63 eq) wasstirred at 25° C. for 2 hr. Precipitate was formed. The mixture wasevaporated to afford3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)cyclopentanol(100.00 mg, 410.29 umol, 99.76% yield, HCl) as white solid, withoutfurther purification and used directly in the next step.

Preparation of Compound 742

To a solution of3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)cyclopentanol(100.00 mg, 410.29 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) in DCM (5.00 mL) were added TEA(83.03 mg, 820.58 umol, 113.74 uL, 2.00 eq) and phenylN-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (101.62 mg, 410.29 umol, 1.00 eq). Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hr. LCMS showed material wasconsumed completely, and major desired MS detected. The solvent wasevaporated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxycyclopentyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide (57.00 mg, 155.04 umol, 37.79% yield, 98.15%purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s,1H), 7.20-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.78 Hz, 1H), 4.54-4.71 (m, 2H), 4.39(brs, 1H), 3.72-3.93 (m, 3H), 3.03 (ddd, J=11.67, 7.65, 4.27 Hz, 1H),2.81 (t, J=5.65 Hz, 2H), 1.91-2.22 (m, 4H), 1.69-1.87 (m, 2H). LCMS:361/363 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 743

To a solution ofN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxycyclopentyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(50.00 mg, 138.57 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (3.00 mL) was added DAST (33.50mg, 207.86 umol, 27.46 uL, 1.50 eq) at −78° C. The mixture was stirredat 25° C. for 16 hr. LCMS showed the material was consumed completely,and major desired MS detected. The reaction was quenched by water (10mL), extracted with DCM (10 mL*2). The combined organic layer was driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated, the residue was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorocyclopentyl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(6.02 mg, 16.06 umol, 11.59% yield, 96.8% purity) as white solid. LCMS:363/365 [M+1].

Example 33: Preparation of Compounds 535 and 744

Preparation of Compound 535

A mixture of tert-butyl3-(3-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(60.00 mg, 137.73 umol, 1.00 eq) in HCl/dioxane (4 M, 4.00 mL, 116.17eq) was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hr. The solvent was evaporated, anddiluted in DCM (3.00 mL), TEA (27.87 mg, 275.46 umol, 38.18 uL, 2.00 eq)and phenyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (34.11 mg, 137.73 umol, 1.00 eq)were added, the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hr. LCMS showed thematerial was consumed completely, and major desired MS detected. Thesolvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) toaffordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(7.44 mg, 20.21 umol, 14.67% yield, 97.46% purity) as white solid. LCMS:359/361 [M+1].

Preparation of Compound 744

To a solution ofN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(50.00 mg, 139.35 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM (5.00 mL) was added DAST (44.92mg, 278.70 umol, 36.82 uL, 2.00 eq) at −78° C. under N₂ protection. Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hr. LCMS showed the material wasconsumed completely, and major desired MS detected. The mixture waspoured into water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL*2), thecombined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated.The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorocyclopenten-1-yl)-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(15.00 mg, 41.03 umol, 29.45% yield, 98.7% purity) as white solid. LCMS:361/363 [M+1].

Example 34: Preparation of Compound 704

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of 4-methoxypyridine (16.10 g, 147.53 mmol, 1.00 eq) inTHF (200.00 mL) was added CH₃MgBr (3 M, 59.50 mL, 1.21 eq) at −10° C.over a period of 20 min under N₂, during which the temperature wasmaintained below 5° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 25° C. for 30min. A solution of CbzCl (30.20 g, 177.04 mmol, 1.20 eq) in THF (80.00mL) was added dropwise at −10° C. under N2, during which the temperaturewas maintained below 25° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C.for 3 hr. TLC (PE:EA=3:1) showed the starting material was disappeared.A HCl solution (3N, 300 mL) was added into the reaction dropwise at −10°C. The mixture was extracted with EA (200 mL*2). The combined organiclayer was washed 5% NaHCO₃ (500 mL) and dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified bycolumn chromatography (PE:EA=10:1, 5:1) to afford benzyl2-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-1-carboxylate (14.50 g, 59.12 mmol,40.07% yield) as brown oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.67 (d, J=7.9 Hz,1H), 7.35-7.27 (m, 5H), 5.28-5.22 (m, 1H), 5.20 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2H),4.70-4.61 (m, 1H), 2.78 (dd, J=6.8, 16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.24 (d, J=16.4 Hz,1H), 1.19 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of benzyl 2-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-1-carboxylate(1.00 g, 4.08 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (10.00 mL) was added lithiumtrisec-butylboranuide (1 M, 4.90 mL, 1.20 eq) at −78° C. under N₂protection. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Then a solutionof cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride (628.84 mg, 5.30 mmol, 604.65 uL, 1.30eq) in THF (1 mL) was added at −78° C. The mixture was stirred 20° C.for 16 hr. LCMS showed material was consumed completely, and several newpeaks were detected. The mixture was poured into saturated NH₄Cl (20mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL*2), the combined organic layerwas dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated to afford benzyl5-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.30 g,crude) as light yellow oil, which was not purified and used directly inthe next step. LCMS: 352 [M+23].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of benzyl5-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g,3.04 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (10.00 mL) was added N₂H₄—H₂O (1.22 g, 6.08mmol, 1.18 mL, 2.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1 hr. TLC(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1:1) showed a major new spot. The mixturewas concentrated. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (10mL*2). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel,eluting with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=10:1, 1:1) to afford impureproduct (230 mg with 30% purity, colorless oil) which was purified byprep-HPLC (FA) to afford benzyl3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(30.00 mg, 92.19 umol, 3.03% yield) as colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.38 (d, J=3.96 Hz, 5H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.58-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.14(brs, 1H), 3.56 (s, 1H), 2.90 (dd, J=15.82, 5.84 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (d,J=15.82 Hz, 1H), 2.32 (brs, 4H), 2.02-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.99 (m, 1H),1.15 (d, J=6.97 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 326 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of benzyl3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(60.00 mg, 184.39 umol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (5.00 mL) was added Pd/C (6.00mg, 10%) under N₂. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purgedwith H₂ several times. The mixture was stirred under H₂ (50 psi) at 25°C. for 16 hours. TLC (Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1:1) showed thematerial was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was filtered andthe filtrate was concentrated to afford3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine(18.00 mg, 94.11 umol, 51.04% yield) as colorless oil.

Preparation of Compound 704

To a solution of3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(18.00 mg, 94.11 umol, 1.00 eq) and phenyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate(27.97 mg, 112.93 umol, 1.20 eq) in DCM (4.00 mL) was added TEA (19.05mg, 188.22 umol, 26.10 uL, 2.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C.for 4 hr. LCMS showed the material was consumed completely, major wasdesired MS detected. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC (FA) to affordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(29.98 mg, 81.35 umol, 86.44% yield, 93.57% purity) as white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.19-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=7.78Hz, 1H), 4.91 (brs, 2H), 4.21 (d, J=15.31 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 1H), 2.98(d, J=5.77 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (d, J=15.81 Hz, 1H), 2.28-2.43 (m, 4H),2.04-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.97 (brs, 1H), 1.20 (d, J=6.78 Hz, 3H). LCMS:345/347 [M+1].

Example 35: Preparation of Compounds 704 and 756, 757, 758, 759, 760,761, 762, 763, 764, and 765

Step 1: Preparation of Compounds 2A and 2B

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(1.00 g, 4.69 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (10.00 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M,9.38 mL, 2.00 eq) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr. Thencyclobutanecarbonyl chloride (834.07 mg, 7.04 mmol, 801.99 uL, 1.50 eq)was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 15 hr. TLC(Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=5:1) showed material was consumedcompletely and a major new spot detected. The mixture was poured intosaturated NH₄Cl (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL*2). Thecombined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated toafford a mixture oftert-butyl3-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylateandtert-butyl5-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(1.10 g, crude) as light yellow oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Compounds 3A and 3B

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.10 g,3.72 mmol, 1.00 eq) and tert-butyl5-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.10 g,3.72 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (15.00 mL) was added hydrazine (238.45 mg,7.44 mmol, 267.92 uL, 2.00 eq). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1hr. TLC (Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1:1) showed material was consumedcompletely, and a major new spot detected. The solvent was evaporated.The residue was washed with water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate(30 mL*2). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (silicagel, eluting with Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=10:1, 3:1, 1:1) toafford a mixture of tert-butyl 3-cyclobutyl-4-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate and tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(680.00 mg, 2.33 mmol, 62.63% yield) as white solid. The mixture (200mg) was purified by chiral SFC to afford two fractions, fraction 1 (86mg, white solid, Rt=1.855, 1.922 min) and fraction 2 (82 mg, whitesolid, Rt=2.251, 2.357 min).

The Separation Method:

Instrument: SFC 80

Column: AD-10 um.

Mobile phase: A for CO₂ and B for Ethanol (0.1% Ammonia)

Gradient: B 40%

Flow rate: 70 mL/min

Back pressure: 100 bar

Column temperature: 35° C.

Wavelength: 220 nm

The fraction 1 (2.5 g) was further purified by chiral SFC to afford thefirst enantiomer oftert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-4-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate 3A_E1 (10 g, 3.78 mmol, 44.06% yield, Rt=1.128min) as white solid and the first enantiomer of tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate3B_E1 (1.20 g, 4.12 mmol, 48.02% yield, Rt=1.536 min) as white solid.

3A_E1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.93-5.20 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.40 (m, 1H),3.43 (q, J=8.72 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (brs, 1H), 2.51-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.34(m, 4H), 1.95-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.85 (d, J=7.28 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (s, 9H),1.18-1.26 (m, 3H). 3B_E1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.73 (brs, 2H), 3.90(d, J=15.56 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.51 (m, 1H), 2.86 (dd, J=15.69, 5.90 Hz, 1H),2.46 (d, J=15.56 Hz, 1H), 2.11-2.33 (m, 4H), 1.93-2.07 (m, 1H),1.78-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.49 (m, 9H), 1.05 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 3H).

The Separation Method:

Instrument: SFC 80

Column: AS-10 um.

Mobile phase: A for CO₂ and B for Ethanol (0.1% Ammonia)

Gradient: B 40%

Flow rate: 70 mL/min

Back pressure: 100 bar

Column temperature: 35° C.

Wavelength: 220 nm

The fraction 2 (2.5 g) was further purified by chiral SFC to afford thesecond enantiomer oftert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-4-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate3A_E2 (1.10 g, 3.78 mmol, 44.06% yield, Rt=1.587) as white solid and thesecond enantiomer of tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate3B_E2 (1.20 g, 4.12 mmol, 48.02% yield, Rt=1.841 min) as white solid.3A_E2: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.91-5.22 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.39 (m, 1H),3.36-3.50 (m, 1H), 2.98 (brs, 1H), 2.59 (brs, 2H), 2.09-2.34 (m, 4H),1.93-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.85 (d, J=7.28 Hz, 1H), 1.31-1.46 (m, 9H), 1.22 (d,J=6.53 Hz, 3H). 3B_E2: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.73 (brs, 2H), 3.90(d, J=15.56 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (t, J=8.78 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (dd, J=15.69, 5.90Hz, 1H), 2.46 (d, J=15.81 Hz, 1H), 2.12-2.34 (m, 4H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 1H),1.78-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.05 (d, J=6.78 Hz, 3H).

The Separation Method:

Instrument: SFC 80

Column: AD-10 um.

Mobile phase: A for CO₂ and B for Ethanol (0.1% Ammonia)

Gradient: B 40%

Flow rate: 70 mL/min

Back pressure: 100 bar

Column temperature: 35° C.

Wavelength: 220 nm.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4B_E1/E2

A mixture of tert-butyl3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate3B_E1 (1.20 g, 4.12 mmol, 1.00 eq) in HCl/dioxane (4 M, 10.00 mL, 9.71eq) was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hr. White solid was formed. The solventwas evaporated to afford3-cyclobutyl-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine4B_E1 (930.00 mg, 4.08 mmol, 99.12% yield, HCl) as white solid.

Preparation of Compounds 704, and 757 Through 765

General Procedure

To a solution of amine (1.0 eq) and phenyl carbonochloridate (1.0 eq) inDCM (1.00 mL) was added TEA (3 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at30° C. for 30 minutes. TLC indicated amine was consumed completely. Themixture was added to a mixture of compound 4B (1.00 eq, HCl salt) in DCM(1.00 mL) and TEA (3 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for16 hours. LCMS showed reaction was completed. The mixture was extractedwith DCM (10 mL*3) and water (10 mL), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by prep-HPLC (FA) to give the desired product as white solid.

Structure Comp. ID Analytical Data

704 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 345/347; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.54(t, J = 1.88 Hz, 1 H), 7.31 (s, 1 H), 7.22-7.28 (m, 1 H), 7.03 (d, J =7.78 Hz, 1 H), 4.84 (brs, 2 H), 4.21 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (t, J= 8.78 Hz, 1 H), 3.00 (dd, J = 15.69, 5.90 Hz, 1 H), 2.62 (d, J = 15.81Hz, 1 H), 2.27-2.43 (m, 4 H), 2.10 (d, J = 9.03 Hz, 1 H), 1.95 (dd, J =7.53, 3.26 Hz, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

704 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 345/347; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.54(t, J = 1.88 Hz, 1 H), 7.21-7.37 (m, 2 H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1 H),4.84 (brs, 2 H), 4.21 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (dd, J = 15.81, 5.77 Hz, 1 H), 2.62 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H),2.26-2.46 (m, 4 H), 2.10 (d, J = 9.29 Hz, 1 H), 1.95 (dd, J = 7.53, 3.51Hz, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

756 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 363/365; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.34-7.41 (m, 1 H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 1 H), 7.08-7.14 (m, 1 H), 4.83 (brs, 2H), 4.19-4.26 (m, 1 H), 3.59 (m, J = 8.97 Hz, 1 H), 2.99 (dd, J = 15.81,5.90 Hz, 1 H), 2.61 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.28- 2.39 (m, 4 H),2.02-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.88- 1.98 (m, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

756 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 363/365; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.34-7.40 (m, 1 H), 7.21-7.28 (m, 1 H), 7.11 (td, J = 8.12, 1.44 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (s, 2 H), 4.22 (d, J = 15.31 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (m, J = 8.82 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (dd, J = 15.81, 5.90 Hz, 1 H), 2.61 (d, J = 15.69 Hz, 1 H),2.29-2.38 (m, 4 H), 2.02- 2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J= 6.90 Hz, 3 H).

757 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 389/391; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.66-7.68 (m, 1 H), 7.34 (dt, J = 6.87, 2.15 Hz, 1 H), 7.14- 7.21 (m, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2 H), 4.19 (d, J = 15.18 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (m, J = 8.75 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (dd, J = 15.81, 5.77 Hz, 1 H), 2.60 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H),2.27-2.38 (m, 4 H), 2.03- 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.88-1.99 (m, 1 H), 1.18 (d, J= 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

757 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 389/391; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.69(s, 1 H), 7.36 (brs, 1 H), 7.16-7.24 (m, 2 H), 4.84 (brs, 2 H), 4.21 (d,J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H), 3.00 (dd, J = 15.81,5.77 Hz, 1 H), 2.36 (t, J = 8.66 Hz, 4 H), 2.05-2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.89-2.00(m, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

758 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 407/409; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.73(dd, J = 6.15, 2.64 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.97, 4.20, 2.64 Hz, 1 H),7.13 (t, J = 8.72 Hz, 1 H), 4.82 (s, 2 H), 4.19 (d, J = 14.93 Hz, 1 H),3.59 (m, J = 8.69 Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (dd, J = 15.69, 5.65 Hz, 1 H), 2.61 (d,J = 15.94 Hz, 1 H), 2.28-2.39 (m, 4 H), 2.03-2.16 (m, 1 H), 1.88-1.99(m, 1 H), 1.18 (d, J = 6.90 Hz, 3 H).

758 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 407/409: ¹H NMR (400 MHz. METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.71-7.76 (m, 1 H), 7.33-7.41 (m, 1 H), 7.14 (t, J = 8.66 Hz, 1 H), 4.83(brs, 2 H), 4.21 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (s, 1 H), 2.94-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.62 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.36 (t, J = 8.53 Hz, 4 H), 2.05-2.18(m, 1 H), 1.89-2.00 (m, 1 H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

759 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 407/409; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.35-7.44 (m, 2 H), 7.05 (td, J = 8.09, 1.25 Hz, 1 H), 4.83 (s, 2 H),4.22 (d, J = 14.81 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (m, J = 8.85 Hz, 1 H), 2.99 (dd, J =15.75, 6.09 Hz, 1 H), 2.61 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.27-2.38 (m, 4 H),2.01-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.87-1.98 (m, 1 H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

759 (E2) LCMS (M + 1):407/409; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.37-7.48 (m, 2 H), 7.07 (t, J = 8.16 Hz, 1 H), 4.85 (brs, 2 H), 4.24(d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (q, J = 8.85 Hz, 1 H), 3.01 (dd, J = 15.81,5.77 Hz, 1 H), 2.63 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.27-2.42 (m, 4 H), 2.10 (d,J = 10.04 Hz, 1 H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 1 H), 1.21 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

760 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 408/410

760 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 408/410

761 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 354

761 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 354

762 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 354; ¹H NMR (400 MHz. METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.80(dd, J = 5.71, 2.70 Hz, 1 H), 7.67-7.73 (m, 1 H), 7.28 (t, J = 8.97 Hz,1 H), 4.83 (brs, 2 H), 4.20 (d, J = 15.18 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (t, J = 8.60Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (dd, J = 15.62, 5.58 Hz, 1 H), 2.61 (d, J = 15.94 Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.39 (m, 4 H), 2.04- 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.94 (d, J = 8.03 Hz, 1 H),1.19 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

762 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 354; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.82(dd, J = 5.77, 2.76 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (ddd, J = 9.10, 4.71, 3.01 Hz, 1 H),7.29 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H), 4.85 (brs, 2 H), 4.22 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H), 2.99 (dd, J = 15.69, 5.65 Hz, 1 H), 2.63(d, J = 15.56 Hz, 1 H), 2.29-2.43 (m, 4 H), 2.05-2.16 (m, 1 H),1.89-2.01 (m, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

763 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 325; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.20 (s,1 H), 7.15 (d, J = 5.02 Hz, 2 H), 6.86 (t, J = 3.45 Hz, 1 H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.19 (d, J = 15.18 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (m, J = 8.94 Hz, 1 H), 2.98 (dd, J= 16.00, 5.58 Hz, 1 H), 2.60 (d, J = 15.56 Hz, 1 H), 2.26-2.39 (m, 7 H),2.04-2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.88-1.99 (m, 1 H), 1.18 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

763 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 325; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.15-7.24 (m, 2 H), 6.88 (brs, 1 H), 4.84 (brs, 2 H), 4.21 (d, J = 15.06Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H), 3.00 (dd, J = 15.81, 5.77 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.31-2.40 (m, 7 H), 2.05- 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.95 (dd, J = 7.28, 3.51 Hz, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H).

764 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 343; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 7.22(dd, J = 6.65, 2.51 Hz, 1 H), 7.12-7.18 (m, 1 H), 6.93 (t, J = 9.10 Hz,1 H), 4.81-4.85 (m, 2 H), 4.18 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.59 (q, J = 8.88Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (dd, J = 16.00, 5.96 Hz, 1 H), 2.60 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1H), 2.28-2.39 (m, 4 H), 2.24 (d, J = 1.88 Hz, 3 H), 2.03-2.15 (m, 1 H),1.88-1.98 (m, 1 H), 1.17 (d, J = 6.90 Hz, 3 H).

764 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 343; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.21-7.27 (m, 1 H), 7.13-7.19 (m, 1 H), 6.95 (t, J = 9.03 Hz, 1 H), 4.83(brs, 2 H), 4.20 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.60 (s, 1 H), 2.94-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.61 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.30-2.42 (m, 4 H), 2.26 (s, 3 H), 2.10(d, J = 10.04 Hz, 1 H), 1.96 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1 H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.78Hz, 3 H).

765 (E1) LCMS (M + 1): 347; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm 1.18 (d,J = 6.78 Hz, 3H), 1.90-1.98 (m, 1 H), 2.04-2.14 (m, 1 H), 2.28-2.39 (m,4 H), 2.60 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.97 (dd, J = 15.50, 6.21 Hz, 1 H),3.53-3.64 (m, 1 H), 4.18 (d, J = 14.68 Hz, 1 H), 4.81 (s, 2 H),7.09-7.20 (m, 2 H), 7.39- 7.46 (m, 1 H).

765 (E2) LCMS (M + 1): 347; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) d ppm7.41-7.49 (m, 1 H), 7.11-7.21 (m, 2 H), 4.79-4.85 (m, 2 H), 4.20 (d, J =15.06 Hz, 1 H), 3.61 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H), 2.99 (dd, J = 15.81, 5.77Hz, 1 H), 2.62 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H), 2.36 (t, J = 8.53 Hz, 4 H),2.06-2.16 (m, 1 H), 1.95 (dd, J = 7.53, 3.51 Hz, 1 H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.78Hz, 3 H).

Example 36: Preparation of Compound 861

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

A mixture of tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (2.00 g, 17.23 mmol, 1.65mL, 1.00 eq) in SOCl₂ (10.25 g, 86.13 mmol, 6.25 mL, 5.00 eq) wasstirred at 90° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated in reducedpressure to afford tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl chloride (2.32 g, 17.24mmol, 100.00% yield) as yellow oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 4

To a mixture of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.44 g, 17.24mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M, 25.86 mL, 1.50 eq)dropwise at −78° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30min, then tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl chloride (2.32 g, 17.24 mmol, 1.00eq) in THF (20 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was heated to25° C. and stirred for 2.5 hours. LCMS showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was quenched with aq. NH₄Cl (30 mL). The aqueousphase was extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL*2). The combined organicphase was washed with brine (40 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl4-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (6.00 g,crude) as yellow oil. LCMS: 298 [M+1].

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 5

To a mixture of tert-butyl4-oxo-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (6.00 g,20.18 mmol, 1.00 eq) in MeOH (100.00 mL) was added N₂H₄.H₂O (1.19 g,20.18 mmol, 1.15 mL, 85% purity, 1.00 eq) in one portion under N₂. Themixture was stirred at 30° C. for 12 hours. LCMS showed the reaction wascompleted, and desired product was detected. The mixture wasconcentrated in reduced pressure. The residue was poured into water (50mL) and stirred for 2 min. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (50 mL*2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleumether/Ethyl acetate=1/1) to afford tert-butyl3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(1.80 g, 3.31 mmol, 16.42% yield, 54% purity) as yellow solid.

LCMS: 294 [M+1].

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (80.00 mg, 272.70 umol, 1.00 eq) indioxane (1.00 mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 4.00 mL, 58.67 eq) in oneportion at 25° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2hours. TLC (Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate=1:1) showed the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine(62.64 mg, 272.69 umol, 100.00% yield, HCl) as yellow solid.

Preparation of Compound 861

To a mixture of 3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine (62.64 mg, 272.69 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl) and phenylN-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (67.54 mg, 272.69 umol, 1.00 eq) in DCM(8.00 mL) was added TEA (82.78 mg, 818.07 umol, 113.40 uL, 3.00 eq) inone portion at 30° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 12hours. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The mixture was pouredinto water (10 mL) and stirred for 2 min. The aqueous phase wasextracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL*2). The combined organic phase waswashed with brine (10 mL*2), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) toaffordN-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide(31.66 mg, 91.29 umol, 33.48% yield, 100% purity) as white solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 7.51 (t, J=1.95 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (s, 2H),6.97-7.04 (m, 1H), 4.92-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.99-4.08 (m, 1H),3.73-3.92 (m, 3H), 2.74-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.37 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.13 (m,3H). LCMS: 347 [M+1].

Example 37: Preparation of Compounds 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933,and 934

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of methyl cyclopentanecarboxylate (10.00 g, 78.02 mmol,1.00 eq) in MeOH (100.00 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (6.24 g,156.04 mmol, 2.00 eq) in H₂O (40.00 mL), the reaction mixture wasstirred at 25° C. for 2 hours. TLC indicated starting material wasconsumed completely, and one major new spot with larger polarity wasdetected. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to around 6 byadding diluted hydrochloride acid (6 N, 40 mL), then extracted with EA(200 mL*4), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated in vacuum to afford cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (8.80g, 77.10 mmol, 98.82% yield) as yellow oil. The crude product was usedin the next step directly without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ ppm 11.90 (br. s., 1H) 2.56-2.67 (m, 1H) 1.73-1.82 (m, 2H)1.46-1.71 (m, 6H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (8.80 g, 77.10 mmol, 8.38mL, 1.00 eq) in DCM (60.00 mL) was added DMF (563.52 mg, 7.71 mmol,593.18 uL, 0.10 eq), followed by (COCl)₂ (19.57 g, 154.20 mmol, 13.50mL, 2.00 eq) dropwise at 0° C., the reaction mixture was warmed to 25°C. and stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours. TLC indicated starting materialwas consumed completely (treating with MeOH and monitoring the ester).Removed the solvent on a rotary evaporator to affordcyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (9.80 g, 73.91 mmol, 95.87% yield) asyellow oil. The crude product was used in the next step directly withoutpurification.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

To a mixture of N-methoxymethanamine (7.21 g, 73.91 mmol, 1.00 eq, HCl)in DCM (100.00 mL) was added TEA (22.44 g, 221.73 mmol, 30.74 mL, 3.00eq) at 0° C., followed by cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (9.80 g, 73.91mmol, 8.99 mL, 1.00 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for2 hours. One main peak with desired MS was detected by LCMS. The mixturewas extracted with DCM (500 mL*2) and water (400 mL*2), the organicphase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to affordN-methoxy-N-methyl-cyclopentanecarboxamide (10.80 g, 68.70 mmol, 92.95%yield) as yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 3.67 (s, 3H)3.16 (s, 3H) 2.98-3.13 (m, 1H) 1.67-1.87 (m, 6H) 1.47-1.62 (m, 2H).

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

Cooled the three-necked round bottom flask to −78° C.,bromo(vinyl)magnesium (1 M, 25.44 mL, 2.00 eq) was added to a solutionof N-methoxy-N-methyl-cyclopentane carboxamide (2.00 g, 12.72 mmol, 1.00eq) in THF (25.00 mL) dropwise under N₂, the reaction mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for one hour, then warmed to 25° C. and stirred at25° C. for another 30 minutes. TLC indicated starting material wasconsumed completely, and one major new spot with lower polarity wasdetected. The reaction mixture was added to diluted hydrochloride acid(2N, 100 mL) dropwise and then extracted with EA (150 mL*3), thecombined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum to afford 1-cyclopentylprop-2-en-1-one (1.30 g,10.47 mmol, 82.30% yield) as yellow oil. The crude product was used inthe next step directly without purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 6.33-6.46 (m, 1H) 6.19-6.27 (m, 1H) 5.73-5.79 (m,1H) 3.08-3.18 (m, 1H) 1.74-1.84 (m, 4H) 1.56-1.69 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound (S)-7

To a mixture of ethyl (3S)-3-aminobutanoate (1.76 g, 10.47 mmol, 1.00eq, HCl) in THF (10.00 mL) was added TEA (3.18 g, 31.41 mmol, 4.36 mL,3.00 eq), followed by a solution of 1-cyclopentylprop-2-en-1-one (1.30g, 10.47 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (10.00 mL), the reaction mixture wasstirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. TLC showed the reaction was completed.To the mixture was added (Boc)₂O (2.29 g, 10.47 mmol, 2.41 mL, 1.00 eq),the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours, 60% of desired compoundwas detected by LCMS. The reaction mixture was extracted with EA (100mL) and diluted hydrochloride acid (1N, 80 mL*2), the organic phase wasdried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford ethyl(3S)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-cyclopentyl-3-oxo-propyl)amino]butanoate(1.90 g, 5.35 mmol, 51.05% yield) as light yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 4.10-4.49 (m, 1H) 4.02-4.09 (m, 2H) 3.20-3.45 (m,2H) 2.60-2.86 (m, 3H) 2.32-2.57 (m, 2H) 1.49-1.78 (m, 8H) 1.40 (s, 9H)1.14-1.21 (m, 6H).

Preparation of Compound (R)-7

To a solution of ethyl (3R)-3-aminobutanoate (1.62 g, 9.66 mmol, 1.00eq, HCl) in THF (10.00 mL) was added TEA (2.93 g, 28.99 mmol, 4.02 mL,3.00 eq), followed by a solution of 1-cyclopentylprop-2-en-1-one (1.20g, 9.66 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (10.00 mL), the reaction mixture wasstirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. TLC showed the reaction was completed.To the mixture was (Boc)₂O (2.11 g, 9.66 mmol, 2.22 mL, 1.00 eq), themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours, 65% of desired compound wasdetected by LCMS. The reaction mixture was dissolved with EA (100 mL)and washed with diluted HCl (N, 80 mL*2), the organic phase was driedwith anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residuewas purified by silica gel chromatography to afford ethyl(3R)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-cyclopentyl-3-oxo-propyl)amino]butanoate(2.10 g, 5.91 mmol, 61.16% yield) as yellow oil.

Preparation of Compound (S)-8

To a solution of ethyl (3S)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-cyclopentyl-3-oxo-propyl) amino]butanoate(1.70 g, 4.78 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20.00 mL) was added t-BuOK (1.18 g,10.52 mmol, 2.20 eq) at −40° C. under N₂, the reaction mixture waswarmed to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C. for one hour. TLC indicatedstarting material was consumed completely, and one major new spot withlower polarity was detected. The reaction was quenched with aqueoussolution of NH₄Cl (70 mL) and then extracted with EA (100 mL*3), thecombined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl(2S)-5-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(1.38 g, crude) as yellow oil. The crude product was used in the nextstep directly without purification.

Preparation of Compound (R)-8

To a solution of ethyl(3R)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-cyclopentyl-3-oxo-propyl) amino]butanoate(1.90 g, 5.35 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (20.00 mL) was added t-BuOK (1.32 g,11.77 mmol, 2.20 eq) at −40° C. under N₂, the reaction mixture waswarmed to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C. for one hour. TLC indicatedstarting material was consumed completely, and one major new spot withlower polarity was detected. The reaction was quenched with aqueoussolution of NH₄Cl (80 mL) and then extracted with EA (100 mL*3), thecombined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl(2R)-5-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(1.53 g, crude) as yellow oil. The crude product was used in the nextstep directly without purification.

Preparation of Compound (S)-9

To a solution of tert-butyl(2S)-5-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(1.38 g, 4.46 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (20.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O(525.36 mg, 8.92 mmol, 510.06 uL, 85% purity, 2.00 eq), the reactionmixture was warmed to 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for one hour. TLCindicated starting material was consumed completely, and one major newspot with larger polarity was detected. The mixture was extracted withEA (180 mL*2) and water (80 mL*3), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography to afford tert-butyl(6S)-3-cyclopentyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1.30 g, 4.21 mmol, 94.48% yield, 99% purity) asyellow solid.

Preparation of Compound (R)-9

To a solution of tert-butyl(2R)-5-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate(1.53 g, 4.95 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (20.00 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O(582.47 mg, 9.90 mmol, 565.50 uL, 85% purity, 2.00 eq), the reactionmixture was warmed to 50° C. and stirred at 50° C. for one hour. TLCindicated starting material was consumed completely, and one major newspot with larger polarity was detected. The mixture was extracted withEA (200 mL*2) and water (100 mL*3), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography to afford tert-butyl(6R)-3-cyclopentyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1.40 g, 4.54 mmol, 91.68% yield, 99% purity) asyellow solid.

Preparation of Compound (S)-10

To a solution of tert-butyl(6S)-3-cyclopentyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(1.40 g, 4.58 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (10.00 mL) was added HCl/dioxane(4 M, 20.00 mL, 17.47 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C.for 2 hours. TLC indicated starting material was consumed completely,and one major new spot with larger polarity was detected. Removed thesolvent on a rotary evaporator to afford(6S)-3-cyclopentyl-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(1.10 g, 4.55 mmol, 99.34% yield, HCl) as white solid. The product wasused in the next step directly without purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 4.29-4.50 (m, 2H) 3.79 (td, J=10.57, 5.46 Hz, 1H)3.17-3.29 (m, 2H) 2.87-3.01 (m, 1H) 2.12-2.27 (m, 2H) 1.66-1.90 (m, 6H)1.53-1.59 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Compound (R)-10

To a solution of tert-butyl(6R)-3-cyclopentyl-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(1.50 g, 4.91 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (10.00 mL) was added HCl/dioxane(4 M, 20.00 mL, 16.29 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C.for one hour. TLC showed the reaction was completed. Evaporate thesolution on a water bath under reduced pressure using a rotaryevaporator to afford(6R)-3-cyclopentyl-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(1.20 g, crude, HCl) as white solid. The product was used in the nextstep directly without purification.

General Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 927 Through 934

A solution of compound 10 (40.00 mg, 157.62 umol, 1.00 eq, HCl), phenylcarbamate 11 (1.00 eq) and TEA (73.00 mg, 721.42 umol, 100.00 uL, 4.58eq) in DCM (2.00 mL) and MeOH (0.1 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 12hours. LCMS showed desired product was detected. The solvent wasremoved. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) to afford the desiredproduct.

Structure Comp. ID Analytical Data

927 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 403.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) ppm 7.65- 7.70(m, 1 H) 7.33-7.36 (m, 1 H) 7.14- 7.21 (m, 2 H) 4.91 (s, 2 H) 4.20 (d, J= 15.06 Hz, 1 H) 2.93-3.16 (m, 2 H) 2.60 (d, J = 15.56 Hz, 1 H) 2.09 (d,J = 3.51 Hz, 2 H) 1.78-1.88 (m, 2 H) 1.64-1.76 (m, 4 H) 1.18 (d, J =6.78 Hz, 3 H)

928 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 421.1

929 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 422.1

930 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 368.2

931 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 357.2

932 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 377.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) ppm 7.58 (dd,J = 6.65, 2.64 Hz, 1 H) 7.27-7.33 (m, 1 H) 7.14 (t, J = 8.91 Hz, 1 H)4.88-4.93 (m, 2 H) 4.19 (d, J = 14.81 Hz, 1 H) 2.92-3.17 (m, 2 H) 2.60(d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H) 2.09 (s, 2 H) 1.85 (s, 2 H) 1.65-1.78 (m, 4 H)1.18 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

933 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 339.2

934 (S) LCMS (M + 1): 359.2

927 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 403.1

928 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 421.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) ppm 7.72 (dd,J = 6.15, 2.64 Hz, 1 H) 7.35 (m, 1 H) 7.12 (t, J = 8.66 Hz, 1 H)4.88-4.93 (m, 2 H) 4.19 (d, J = 15.06 Hz, 1 H) 3.04-3.16 (m, 1 H)2.97-3.00 (m, 1 H) 2.60 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H) 2.09 (d, J = 3.76 Hz, 2H) 1.84 (s, 2 H) 1.63-1.78 (m, 4 H) 1.18 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

929 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 422.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz Methanol-d₄) ppm 8.01 (d, J= 5.52 Hz, 1 H) 7.80 (t, J = 5.65 Hz, 1 H) 4.82-4.86 (m, 2 H) 4.28 (d, J= 15.31 Hz, 1 H) 3.10 (m, 2 H) 2.62 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H) 2.09 (s, 2 H)1.84 (s, 2 H) 1.71 (s, 4 H) 1.21 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

930 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 368.1

931 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 357.2

932 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 377.1

933 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 339.2

934 (R) LCMS (M + 1): 359.1

Example 38: Preparation of Compounds 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970,and 971 (D1 &D2)

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (8.00 g, 68.90 mmol,6.61 mL, 1.00 eq) in DCM (80.00 mL) was added DMF (503.59 mg, 6.89 mmol,530.10 uL, 0.10 eq), followed by (COCl)₂ (17.49 g, 137.80 mmol, 12.06mL, 2.00 eq) dropwise at 0° C., the reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C. for 2 hours. The solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator to affordtetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl chloride (9.00 g, crude) as yellow oil. Theproduct was used in the next step directly without purification.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of N-methoxymethanamine (9.79 g, 100.32 mmol, 1.50 eq, HCl)in DCM (100.00 mL) was added TEA (20.30 g, 200.64 mmol, 27.81 mL, 3.00eq), followed by tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl chloride (9.00 g, 66.88mmol, 1.00 eq), the reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 2 hours.One main peak with desired MS was detected by LCMS. The mixture wasdiluted with DCM (300 mL) and washed with diluted HCl (1N, 100 mL*2),the organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gelchromatography to affordN-methoxy-N-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide (8.80 g, 55.28 mmol,82.66% yield) as yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 4.71(br. s., 1H) 3.80-4.00 (m, 2H) 3.63-3.67 (m, 3H) 3.13 (s, 3H) 2.06-2.19(m, 1H) 1.79-1.99 (m, 3H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

Cooled the three-necked round bottom flask to −78° C.,bromo(vinyl)magnesium (1 M, 50.26 mL, 2.00 eq) was added to a solutionof N-methoxy-N-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide (4.00 g, 25.13 mmol,1.00 eq) in THF (40.00 mL) dropwise under N₂, the reaction mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for one hour, then warmed to 15° C. and stirred at15° C. for another 30 minutes. TLC indicated starting material wasconsumed completely, and one major new spot with lower polarity wasdetected. The reaction mixture was added to diluted HCl (2N, 200 mL)dropwise and then extracted with EA (300 mL*3), the combined organicphase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuum to afford 1-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylprop-2-en-1-one (2.10 g, crude)as yellow oil. The product was used in the next step directly withoutpurification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of ethyl (3S)-3-aminobutanoate (2.79 g, 16.65 mmol, 1.00eq, HCl) in THF (20.00 mL) was added TEA (5.05 g, 49.95 mmol, 6.92 mL,3.00 eq), followed by a solution of1-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylprop-2-en-1-one (2.10 g, 16.65 mmol, 1.00 eq) inTHF (20.00 mL), the reaction mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 4 hours.TLC showed the reaction was completed. (Boc)₂O (3.63 g, 16.65 mmol, 3.83mL, 1.00 eq) was added. the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for another 12hours. TLC indicated many new spots formed. The reaction mixture wasdissolved with EA (300 mL) and washed with diluted HCl (1N, 100 mL*2),the organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gelchromatography to afford ethyl(3S)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-oxo-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-propyl)amino]butanoate(3.10 g, 7.81 mmol, 46.88% yield, 90% purity) as yellow oil.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of ethyl (3S)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-oxo-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-propyl)amino]butanoate(1.40 g, 3.92 mmol, 1.00 eq) in THF (15.00 mL) was added t-BuOK (879.00mg, 7.83 mmol, 2.00 eq) at −40° C. under N₂, the reaction mixture wasstirred at −10° C. for one hour, then warmed to 10° C. and stirred at10° C. for another one hour. TLC indicated starting material wasconsumed completely, and three new spots formed. The reaction mixturewas quenched with aqueous solution of NH₄Cl (70 mL) and then extractedwith EA (150 mL*3), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to afford tert-butyl(2S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-5-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate(750.00 mg, crude) as yellow oil. The product was used in the next stepdirectly without purification.

Step 6: Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of tert-butyl(2S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-5-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (750.00 mg, 2.41 mmol, 1.00 eq) in EtOH (10.00mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (283.72 mg, 4.82 mmol, 275.46 uL, 85% purity,2.00 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 16 hours.Several new peaks were shown on LCMS and about 50% of desired compoundwas detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA (150 mL) andwashed with diluted HCl (N, 80 mL*2), the organic phase was dried withanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residuecombined with another two batch was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) to givedesired compound (800 mg, purity 90%) as yellow oil, which was furtherseparated by SFC to get peak one (D1, 0.36 g) and peak two (D2, 0.23 g).

Compound 8 (D1) (Peak one) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 4.98 (t,J=6.90 Hz, 1H) 4.83 (d, J=14.05 Hz, 2H) 3.97-4.05 (m, 2H) 3.86-3.93 (m,1H) 2.95 (dd, J=15.69, 5.90 Hz, 1H) 2.54 (d, J=15.69 Hz, 1H) 2.24-2.34(m, 1H) 1.95-2.07 (m, 3H) 1.49 (s, 9H) 1.13 (d, J=6.90 Hz, 3H).

Compound 8 (D2) (Peak two) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm4.91-5.00 (m, 1H) 4.84 (d, J=14.68 Hz, 2H) 3.95-4.05 (m, 2H) 3.86-3.94(m, 1H) 2.95 (dd, J=15.56, 5.77 Hz, 1H) 2.55 (d, J=15.69 Hz, 1H)2.25-2.35 (m, 1H) 1.99-2.08 (m, 3H) 1.49 (s, 9H) 1.13 (d, J=6.90 Hz,3H).

SFC Separation Condition:

Instrument: Waters Q 80 preparative

SFC column: ChiralPak AD-H, 250×30 mm I.D., particle size 10 um

Mobile Phase: Phase A for CO2

Phase B for Ethanol (0.1% Ammonia)

Isocratic: 25% Phase B

Flow rate: 55 g/min

Column Temp: room temperature

Back pressure: 100 bar

UV: 220 nm

Cycle Time: 3.3 min.

Preparation of Compound 9 (D1)

To a solution of tert-butyl(6S)-6-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(360.00 mg, 1.17 mmol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (2.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 10.00 mL, 34.19 eq), the reaction mixture was stirredat 10° C. for 2 hours. TLC showed the reaction was completed. Evaporatedthe solution on a water bath under reduced pressure using a rotaryevaporator to afford(6S)-6-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(330.00 mg, crude, 2HCl) as yellow solid. The product was used in thenext step directly without purification.

Preparation of Compound 9 (D2)

To a solution of tert-butyl(6S)-6-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate(230.00 mg, 748.24 umol, 1.00 eq) in dioxane (2.00 mL) was addedHCl/dioxane (4 M, 8.00 mL, 42.77 eq), the reaction mixture was stirredat 10° C. for 2 hours. TLC showed the reaction was completed. Evaporatedthe solution on a water bath under reduced pressure using a rotaryevaporator to afford(6S)-6-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine(170.00 mg, crude, 2HCl) as yellow solid. The product was used in thenext step directly without purification.

General Preparation of Compounds 964 Through 971 (D1&D2)

A mixture of compound 9 (40 mg, 142.76 umol, 1.00 eq, 2HCl), phenylcarbamate 10 (142.76 umol, 1.00 eq) and TEA (146.00 mg, 1.44 mmol,200.00 uL, 10.11 eq) in DCM (2.00 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 16hours. LCMS showed desired product was detected. The solvent wasremoved. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC(FA) to afford the desiredproduct.

Structure Comp. ID Analytical Data

964 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 361.1

965 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 379.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) ppm 7.57 (dd,J = 6.78, 2.51 Hz, 1 H) 7.22-7.37 (m, 1 H) 7.08-7.19 (m, 1 H) 4.90-4.99(m, 3 H) 4.22 (d, J = 15.56 Hz, 1 H) 3.99-4.13 (m, 1 H) 3.82-3.95 (m, 1H) 3.00 (dd, J = 15.81, 5.77 Hz, 1 H) 2.62 (d, J = 16.06 Hz, 1 H)2.21-2.37 (m, 1 H) 1.94-2.17 (m, 3 H) 1.19 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

966 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 405.0

967 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 423.1

968 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 424.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) ppm 8.01 (d,J = 5.52 Hz, 1 H) 7.81 (t, J = 5.65 Hz, 1 H) 4.90-4.99 (m, 3 H) 4.31 (d,J = 15.56 Hz, 1 H) 3.99-4.11 (m, 1 H) 3.84-3.94 (m, 1 H) 3.04 (dd, J =15.81, 5.77 Hz, 1 H) 2.64 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H) 2.23-2.37 (m, 1 H)1.94-2.15 (m, 3 H) 1.22 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

969 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 370.1

970 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 341.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) 7.19 (s, 1 H)7.14 (d, J = 4.52 Hz, 2 H) 6.86 (m, 1 H) 4.88-4.98 (m, 3 H) 4.22 (d, J =15.31 Hz, 1 H) 4.05 (m, 1 H) 3.82- 3.94 (m, 1 H) 3.00 (dd, J = 15.69,5.65 Hz, 1 H) 2.62 (d, J = 15.81 Hz, 1 H) 2.22-2.36 (m, 4 H) 1.98-2.15(m. 3 H) 1.19 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

971 (D1) LCMS (M + 1): 359.1

965 (D2) LCMS (M + 1): 379.1

967 (D2) LCMS (M + 1): 423.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) ppm 7.71 (dd,J = 6.12, 2.54 Hz, 1 H) 7.34 (ddd, J = 8.90, 4.10, 2.64 Hz, 1 H) 7.12(t, J = 12.0, I H) 4.92-4.99 (m, 3 H) 4.22 (d, J = 15.45 Hz, 1 H)3.97-4.10 (m, 1 H) 3.83- 3.95 (m, 1 H) 3.00 (dd, J = 15.82, 5.65 Hz, 1H) 2.62 (d, J = 15.82 Hz, 1 H) 2.24-2.37 (m, 1 H) 1.95-2.15 (m, 3 H)1.19 (d, J = 6.78 Hz, 3 H)

969 (D2) LCMS (M + 1): 370.2

971 (D2) LCMS (M + 1): 359.1

Example 39: HBV Assembly Assay

The interference of compounds from this invention with HBV capsidassembly could be measured using an in vitro assembly assay based onfluorescence quenching, which was developed according to a methoddescribed by Zlotnick and coworkers (Nature Biotechnology 2006, 24:358).In a typical assay, a mutant HBV C150 protein (amino acids 1-150, C49A,C61A, C107A, 150C) is cloned into a T7 RNA-polymerase based expressionvector, expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity as a dimer. Thepurified HBV core protein is desalted and labeled with BODIPY-FL Dye.

In a non-limiting embodiment, the assembly assay is conducted in 96-wellplate format. The assembly reactions are carried out in 50 mM Hepesbuffer, pH 7.5 and 150 mM NaCl. The compounds are pre-incubated with theHBV CA protein for 15 min, and the assembly reactions are initiated byaddition of NaCl. The reaction is allowed to continue for 1 hour at roomtemperature. The changes in fluorescence between DMSO treated andcompound treated samples are recorded and analyzed for assemblymodulation.

Example 40: HBV Replication Inhibition Assay

HBV replication inhibition by the compounds of this invention could bedetermined in cells infected or transfected with HBV, or cells withstably integrated HBV, such as HepG2.2.15 cells (Sells et al. 1987). Inthis example, HepG2.2.15 cells were maintained in cell culture mediumcontaining 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), Geneticin, L-glutamine,penicillin and streptomycin. HepG2.2.15 cells could be seeded in 96-wellplates at a density of 40,000 cells/well and be treated with seriallydiluted compounds at a final DMSO concentration of 0.5% either alone orin combination by adding drugs in a checker box format. Cells wereincubated with compounds for three days, after which medium was removedand fresh medium containing compounds was added to cells and incubatedfor another three days. At day 6, supernatant was removed and treatedwith DNase at 37° C. for 60 minutes, followed by enzyme inactivation at75° C. for 15 minutes. Encapsidated HBV DNA was released from thevirions and covalently linked HBV polymerase by incubating in lysisbuffer (Affymetrix QS0010) containing 2.5 μg proteinase K at 50° C. for40 minutes. HBV DNA was denatured by addition of 0.2 M NaOH and detectedusing a branched DNA (BDNA) QuantiGene assay kit according tomanufacturer recommendation (Affymetrix). HBV DNA levels could also bequantified using qPCR, based on amplification of encapsidated HBV DNAextraction with QuickExtraction Solution (Epicentre Biotechnologies) andamplification of HBV DNA using HBV specific PCR probes that canhybridize to HBV DNA and a fluorescently labeled probe for quantitation.In addition, cell viability of HepG2.2.15 cells incubated with testcompounds alone or in combination was determined by using CellTitre-Gloreagent according to the manufacturer protocol (Promega). The meanbackground signal from wells containing only culture medium wassubtracted from all other samples, and percent inhibition at eachcompound concentration was calculated by normalizing to signals fromHepG2.2.15 cells treated with 0.5% DMSO using equation E1.% inhibition=(DMSOave−Xi)/DMSOave×100%  E1:where DMSOave is the mean signal calculated from the wells that weretreated with DMSO control (0% inhibition control) and Xi is the signalmeasured from the individual wells. EC50 values, effectiveconcentrations that achieved 50% inhibitory effect, were determined bynon-linear fitting using Graphpad Prism software (San Diego, Calif.) andequation E2Y=Y min+(Y max−Y min)/(1+10(Log EC50−X)×HillSlope)  E2:

where Y represents percent inhibition values and X represents thelogarithm of compound concentrations.

Selected compounds of the invention were assayed in the HBV replicationassay (BDNA assay), as described above and a representative group ofthese active compounds is shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows EC₅₀ valuesobtained by the BDNA assay for a group of select compounds. In Table 3,“A” represents 0.01<EC₅₀<0.10; “B” represents 0.10≤EC₅₀<0.50; and “C”represents 0.50≤EC₅₀<1.0; (‘+’ indicates >50% activity at 10 μM).

TABLE 3 Activity in BDNA-assay (EC₅₀) Compound EC₅₀ (μM) Compound EC₅₀(μM) 264 A 441 B 267 B 455 B 274 B 515 B 275 B 546 A 336 A 547 B 337 A548 A 338 A 549 B 861 A 554 A 761 R B 761 S B 927 R A 927 S A 928 R A928 S A 929 R A 929 S A 930 R A 930 S A 931 R A 931 S A 932 R A 932 S A933 R A 933 S A 934 R A 934 S A 964 D1 A 965 D1 A 965 D2 A 966 D1 A 967D1 A 967 D2 B 968 D1 C 969 D1 B 969 D2 B 970 D1 B 971 D1 A 971 D2 B238 + 260 + 241 + 388 + 604 B 669 B 642 A 782 A 644 B 783 A 693 A 784 A694 A 785 A 696 B 786 A 700 B 787 A 660 B 788 A 661 B 789 A 662 A 790 A663 A 791 A 664 B 792 B 665 A 760 S B 440 B 760 R B 742 B 762 E1/E2 A744 A 763 E1/E2 A 757 E1/E2 A 764 E1/E2 A 758 E1/E2 A 765 E1/E2 A 759E1/E2 B 667 A 666 A 668 A

The disclosures of each and every patent, patent application, andpublication cited herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

While the invention has been disclosed with reference to specificembodiments, it is apparent that other embodiments and variations ofthis invention may be devised by others skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the true spirit and scope of the invention. The appendedclaims are intended to be construed to include all such embodiments andequivalent variations.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound having the structure of FormulaI:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein W¹ is NR^(a); Wis N; X is N; Y is selected from a bond, —C(O)—, and —SO₂—; Z isselected from —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)O—, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)CR⁵═CR⁵—,—(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—C₃-C₆-cycloalkylene-, and —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—NR⁷—; R¹ is selectedfrom C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, —OR^(c), C₁-C₆-alkyl, halo,and C₂-C₈-alkenyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and alkenylare optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 groups each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl,and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R² is, at each occurrence, independently selectedfrom H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, andC₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R³ is, at each occurrence, selected from H, —OH, halo,C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R⁴ isselected from C₁-C₆-alkyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl,(CR⁸R⁹)—C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, (CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₁-C₉-heteroaryl, and(CR⁸R⁹)_(p)—C₆-C₁₂-aryl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, hetereocyclyl,heteroaryl, and aryl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4groups, each independently selected from —OH, halo, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C(O)N(R^(f))₂, C(O)OR^(f),—OCH₂C(O)OR^(f), —SO₂R^(f), and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R⁵ is, at eachoccurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; alternatively, R⁴and R⁵ are optionally joined to form a heterocyclic ring; R⁶ is, at eachoccurrence, independently selected from H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R⁷ is selected fromH, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R⁸ is, at each occurrence,independently selected from H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R⁹ is, at each occurrence,independently selected from H, —OH, halo, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl,—O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH, and C₁-C₆-alkyl; R^(a) is selected fromH, C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH; R^(b) is selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl; R^(c) is selected from H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH,C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂-aryl, and C₁-C₉-heteroaryl;R^(f) is, at each occurrence, independently selected from H andC₁-C₆-alkyl; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; n is 0, 1, or 2; and p is 0, 1, 2,3, or
 4. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Y is —C(O)—.
 3. Thecompound of claim 1, wherein R¹ is C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl orC₂-C₈-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionallysubstituted with 1 or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH,halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.4. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ is C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl orC₂-C₅-heterocyclyl, wherein cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionallysubstituted with 1 or 2 groups each independently selected from —OH,halo, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, —O—C₁-C₆-alkyl, and C₁-C₆-alkyl-OH.5. The compound of claim 1, wherein each R² is independently selectedfrom H or C₁-C₄-alkyl and R³ is H.
 6. The compound of claim 1, whereinR⁴ is C₁-C₅-heteroaryl or C₆-aryl, wherein heteroaryl and aryl areoptionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups, each independentlyselected from —OH, halo, CN, and C₁-C₆-alkyl.
 7. The compound of claim1, wherein R⁴ is


8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁷ is H.
 9. The compound of claim 1,selected from:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 10. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier.
 11. A method of treating an HBV infection in an individual inneed thereof, comprising administering to the individual atherapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim
 1. 12.A method of inhibiting or reducing the formation or presence of HBVDNA-containing particles or HBV RNA-containing particles in anindividual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual atherapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim
 1. 13.The method of claim 11, further comprising administering to theindividual at least one additional therapeutic agent selected from thegroup consisting of an HBV polymerase inhibitor, immunomodulatoryagents, pegylated interferon, viral entry inhibitor, viral maturationinhibitor, literature-described capsid assembly modulator, reversetranscriptase inhibitor, a cyclophilin/TNF inhibitor, a TLR-agonist, anHBV vaccine, and a combination thereof.
 14. The method of claim 13,wherein the therapeutic agent is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, andis at least one of Zidovudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, ddA, Stavudine,Lamivudine, Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Entecavir, Apricitabine,Atevirapine, ribavirin, acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir,ganciclovir, valganciclovir, Tenofovir, Adefovir, PMPA, cidofovir,Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine, and Etravirine.
 15. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the therapeutic agent is a TLR agonist, and whereinthe TLR agonist is a TLR-7 agonist selected from the group consisting ofSM360320 (9-benzyl-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)adenine) and AZD 8848(methyl [3-({[3-(6-amino-2-butoxy-8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)propyl][3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl]amino}methyl)phenyl] acetate).
 16. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the therapeutic agent is an interferonselected from the group consisting of interferon alpha (IFN-α),interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), and interferon gamma(IFN-γ).
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the interferon isinterferon-alpha-2a, interferon-alpha-2b, or interferon-alpha-n1. 18.The method of claim 17, wherein the interferon-alpha-2a orinterferon-alpha-2b is pegylated.
 19. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising administering to the individual at least one HBV vaccine, anucleoside HBV inhibitor, an interferon or any combination thereof. 20.The method of claim 11, further comprising administering to theindividual at east one HBV vaccine.
 21. The compound of claim 1, whereinthe compound of Formula I is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.